– Drinking alcohol as a complementary activity instead of the sole activity. – Developing understanding of how peer pressure can play a role and encourage speed drinking or drinking games. This can be particularly difficult during a time when ‘fitting in’ feels really important and can cause feelings of worry or loneliness. Practise feeling empowered to say “no” to drugs without explanation, as well as different ways of saying “no”, such as “I don’t feel like it”, “I don’t feel well”, or “I am taking medication (263)”. Share Talk to Frank’s guide to dealing with peer pressure . – Be aware that alcohol may interact with other drugs and medications (prescribed or over-the-counter) in an unpredictable way which may lead to a medical emergency (264). Give hope for recovery. Encourage the young person to seek professional help by pointing out that help will be confidential, and that seeking help is a sensible thing to do, rather than a sign of weakness. Also point out that the sooner the issue is addressed, the easier it is to overcome. Note and congratulate any positive changes the young person has already made. Remember the importance of early intervention and signpost appropriately. Substance misuse typically begins in adolescence and early adulthood, so this is the critical time for early intervention (265). The brains of adolescents and young adults are still developing and are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol and other drugs than the brains of older adults. Substance use during this period of life can affect brain development and lead to cognitive impairments. Untreated harmful gaming or gambling can increase the likelihood of poor mental health, suicide thoughts and/or behaviour, and interpersonal problems (266). In a school or work environment you should follow your internal procedures and contact the relevant internal staff member when you notice a young person is engaging
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