However, it was reported that these consequences may also be in part due to other risk factors related to a child’s environment or genetics (66). Upbringing Why can this be a risk factor? Attachment is the emotional bond that forms between a child and their parent/carer from birth. The way a parent/carer responds to their child will impact on the child’s attachment style, which influences the child’s development and mental health. What do we need to know? A young person’s attachment style becomes a template for their future relationships and the way they feel about themselves. When early experiences and attachments have been negative, it can lead to a negative template for future relationships and personal wellbeing (67). Children in care are at an increased risk of developing poor mental health due to several factors. Data collated by the Department for Education (DfE) in 2020 showed that significant numbers of children in care showed signs of social and emotional difficulties. Positive attachments in care placements have been reported to be a crucial factor in mental health outcomes. Before a child enters the care system they may have already experienced multiple types of trauma, as well as displacement from school. This is notable because school is often is often a young person’s secure base (68). Once they are in the care system they may experience additional hardships including siblings being placed apart, placement instability, and unhelpful placement types (69). Children and young people are also risk of developing poor mental health if there is family-centred change, disruption, conflict, or breakdown. For example: – Frequent moves between houses, areas, or schools – Unclear and inconsistent rules and routines
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