GLOSSARY
Machining - The cutting away of the surface of ametal product by means of power-drivenmachinery. Mechanical Properties - Properties of amaterial that reveal its behavior when force is applied, which indicates its suitability for mechanical ap- plication. Merchant Bars - Bars produced for awide range of uses involvingmild cold bending, hot forming, punching andwelding. Mill edge - Rounded edge produced in hot-rolling of flat steel. Mill Finish - A surface finish, produced on sheet and plate, that is typical of the ground finish on the rolls used inmanufacturing thematerial. MTR - Report which provides the chemical properties of a particular batch or product (Mill Test Report). Nominal - Approximate value of the principal dimension(s) of a product. Normalized - Steel that has been heated and cooled to specific tem- peratures in order to refine the grain structure and improve toughness. P&O - Steel material which has been Pickled (surface oxides removed) andOiled (coatedwith oil to retard rusting). Pressure Vessel Quality - Sheet and plate suitable for pressure vessel applications (abbreviated PVQ). Quenching - The rapid cooling of steel to induce specificmicrostructure and properties (hardness). Rockwell Hardness - Amethod of measuring the hardness of material in which an object is pressed into thematerial’s surface. SSCI - Abbreviation for Steel Service Center Institute. Scale - Iron oxidewhich forms on the surface of hot steel (usually called mill scale). Split Tee - T-shapes cut fromBeamshapes (W, S &M). Stress relieving - Heat treating process inwhichmaterial is heated to relieve stressed created inmanufacture or machining. Sweep - The greatest deviation from the plane of theweb in a structural shape, asmeasured along the concave sidewith a straight edge or line. Tensile strength - Strength of material at point of breaking or fracture. Tolerance - Specified limits of deviation froma standardmeasurement. UMFlat - Universal Mill Flat (or plate) are bars whose thickness measures greater than .23” and has awidth greater than 8”. Web - The part of a structural shapewhich joins and separates flanges. Wide Flange - Structural steel beamshapewith relatively wide flanges, whose surfaces are parallel to one another. Yield point - The point at whichmaterial is stressed beyond its elastic limit.
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