REGULATED MARKET (EU ETS) The Netherlands is a participant in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which is the largest carbon market globally. Companies operating within the energy, heavy industry, and aviation sectors are mandated to hold EU Allowances (EUAs) equivalent to their annual emissions.
If these companies emit less than their allowances, they have the option to sell their surplus allowances; conversely, if they emit more, they are required to purchase additional allowances.
Trading activities are conducted on exchanges such as ICE Endex (based in Amsterdam) and through brokers.
The projected price in 2025 (as of September) is approximately €60–70 per tonne of CO ₂ .
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