إيران.. الدولة والأزمة

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8         3   1989  101  127    9  M. Savory, “Safavid Persia,” in P. M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton and B. Lewis (eds.), The Cambridge History of Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1970), vol. 1, 394-429; Michel M. Mazzaoui, The Origins of the Safavids: Shi‘ism, Sufism and Ghulat (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1972). 10  Rula Abisaab, Converting Persia: Religion and Power in the Safavid Empire (London: Tauris, 2004); Said Amir Arjomand, “Religious Extremism (Ghuluww), Sufism and Sunnism in Safavid Iran: 1501-1722,” Journal of Asian History , 15 (1981): 1-35. 11  Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 110 ff. 12  Jos J. L. Gommans, The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire, C. 1710-1780 (Leiden: Brill, 1995), 45-53. 13      Laurence Lockhart, Nadir Shah (London: Luzac & Co., 1938); Momen, An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam , 124-26. 14            119  15       442   443              1991  8  205  16      Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War (London: Tauris, 2002), 66-74. 17   –      Etan Kohlberg, “Aspects of Akhbari Thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,” in Nehemia Levtzion and John O. Voll (ed.), Eighteenth Century Renewal and Reform in Islam (Syracuse: State University of New York Press, 1987), 133-61; Andrew J. Newman, “The Nature of akhbari / usuli Debate in Late Safawid Iran,’ BOAS , 55(1992): 22-51, 250-61; Devin J. Stewart, Islamic Legal Orthodoxy: Twelver Shi‘ite Responses to the Sunni Legal System (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988), 175ff.

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