Appl. Sci. 2023 , 13 , 1389
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(g)—the amplitude value of the sine wave function modelling the shape of the sample as a function of displacement of the handle, (h)—the period of the sinusoidal function modelling the shape of the sample as a function of displacement of the handle, (i)—the value of the sample shape modelling error as a function of the handle displacement. A round, red marker on the background of curves representing individual functional dependencies shows the obtained values in the discussed phase of the compression process. Figure 9 shows the state of the sample at the time of transition from the pure com- pression phase to the buckling phase of the sample. In the moments preceding this state, modelling the shape of the sample with a sinusoidal function does not make sense. There- fore, graphs from (g) to (i) in Figure 9 begin with the place marked with a dot. Figure 10 shows the state of the sample when the maximum force is reached. Up to this point, the approximation of the shape of the sample using the function described by the Formula (1) is characterized by a small error value, which means that the buckling takes the shape of a sinusoid until the maximum force is reached. Figure 11 shows the condition of the sample after its destruction. In this state, the approximation of the sample shape using the function described by the Formula (1) is not very accurate, as indicated by the increasing value of the modelling error. The sample takes a shape similar to two sections connecting the connection points.
Figure11. Cont.
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