PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 7, Number 1, 2021
BIOREFINERY “ Review of waste biorefinery development towards a circular economy: From the perspective of a life cycle assessment ”, Yang Liu, Yizheng Lyu, Jinping Tian, Jialing Zhao, Ning Ye, Yongming Zhang & Lujun Chen, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 139, April 2021, 110716. Nowadays, reducing the environmental impact of biorefinery is a common concern of scholars. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used method to evaluate the environmental impact of biorefinery. Considering the lack of a latest review on the progress and existing problems related to biorefinery based on LCA studies, this paper carried out a systematic review of the evaluation of environmental impact of biorefinery based on LCA, and proposed the development strategies for waste biorefineries by targeting literature on LCA methods. After finding out the imperfections existing in the current researches, the paper then constructed a comprehensive and systematic biorefinery framework with a standard LCA employed as a reference template for following researches. 92 peer-reviewed articles published in Web of Science, Springer and Scopus from 2015 to 2019 with LCA and biorefinery as the keywords were considered. The key findings are as follows: (1) Agricultural waste and industrial residues are the top two feedstocks widely employed, accounting for 32.61% and 29.35% respectively; (2) the primary data is scarce. The foreground data of LCA is 56.52% from the researches of other scholars; (3) the LCA methods are not standardized. 30.26% and 18.42% have unclear system boundaries and functional units; and (4) there is a lack of estimating the influences of various uncontrollable external factors in the biorefinery process. Furthermore, the review highlighted and discussed the defects of biorefineries, a robust LCA template that can be used for evaluating the environmental impact of biorefinery was constructed, taking algae biorefinery as an example. “ Integrated Forest Biorefinery: A Proposed Pulp Mill of 2040 ”, Wilke, Caroline, Lestelius, Magnus & Germgård, Ulf, Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet, OPEN ACCESS. Negative environmental impact from greenhouse gas emissions and a dwindling oil supply have resulted in an interest in biorefineries based on renewable resources. The objective of a biorefinery is to upgrade the biomass to more valuable products such as biofuels, electricity, materials, and chemicals. Wood biomass is a suitable raw material for a biorefinery since it is abundant, renewable and can be harvested all year round. In the kraft pulping process, only half of the wood biomass is converted into pulp while the remaining part is turned into energy. A conventional kraft pulp mill could be transformed into an integrated forest biorefinery, and thus produce for example biofuels and chemicals in addition to the traditional pulp and paper products, by implementing several new processes that could utilize the byproducts. Utilization of the byproducts for other purposes than energy would obviously affect the energy balance but also the important sodium/sulfur balance. The processes that are discussed in this report have the potential to be included in a BAT pulp mill built in 2040. The processes are black liquor gasification, on-site production of sulfuric acid, production of tall oil diesel, and lignin and hemicellulose extraction. The possibility to produce a cleaner green liquor through a new membrane filter is also discussed. COATING “Regenerative Superhydrophobic Paper Coatings by In Situ Formation of Waxy Nanostructures”, Cynthia Cordt, Andreas Geissler & Markus Biesalski, Advanced Materials Interfaces , 8(2), 2001265. This scientific−technical approach describes a unique self Ǧ structuring coating material made of wax and polysaccharide derivatives, which results in extremely water Ǧ repellent properties if applied to solid surfaces. When
Technical Abstracts
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