Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2 (2021) 100050
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Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carpta
Utilization of bio-polymeric additives for a sustainable production strategy in pulp and paper manufacturing: A comprehensive review Soumya Basu, Shuank Malik, Gyanesh Joshi, P.K. Gupta, Vikas Rana ∗
Cellulose & Paper Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006, Uttarakhand, India
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Renewable and bio-based materials have gained great interest on an industrial scale owing to environmental issues. Paper industries also are constantly exploring bio-resources for intrinsic chemico-physical property en- hancement of paper and paper products. These bio-resources will potentially increase their cyclability besides making paper compatible beyond traditional uses. Mechanical beating or use of chemical additives or the com- bination of these methods are widely used to improve critical paper characteristics such as strength, surface smoothness, density, brightness, filler retention, water and grease resistivity etc. These chemical additives as mill effluents are hazardous and have detrimental effect on environment. So, to move ahead of traditional practices, the present review discusses about the production and utility of abundantly available renewable bio-polymers and their products such as starch, cellulose, plant-based proteins, microbial biopolymers, animal-based biopolymers, and natural gums etc. They represent ample prospect in terms of research and development on their functionality and industrial applications.
Keywords: Cellulose and derivatives Hemicelluloses
Starch and derivatives Bio-polymeric additive Pulp and paper manufacturing Paper industries
Gupta & Sharma, 2020 ). To overcome this loss of hemicelluloses, ad- ditive pulping has been established as a tool to target high pulp yield with enhanced recovery of hemicelluloses. The commonly used pulping additives are sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) gas, polysulphide (PS) and anthraquinone (AQ) ( Ban & Lucia, 2003 ; Gulsoy & Eroglu, 2011 ; Hart & Rudie, 2014 ; Istek & Gonteki, 2009 ; Olm & Tormund, 2000 ). Applications of one or more of these yield increasing agents are capable to stabilize the reducing ends in hemicellulosic struc- ture, and leads to check in peeling reactions. Amongst these additives, AQ has been explored extensively due to its low cost, high efficiency towards increased pulp production and environmental protection. Fur- ther, its application for different types of lignocellulosic raw materials, categorized it separately from other pulping additives. Recently AQ has been successfully explored for pulping of different type of raw materials such as agricultural waste or residues ( Ferrer, Vargas, Jameel & Rojas, 2015 ; Hedjazi, Kordsachia, Latibari & Tschirner, 2009 ; Omer, Khider, Elzaki, Mohieldin & Shomeina, 2019 ; Pot ůček, Gurung & Hájková, 2014 ), woods ( Erisir, Gumuskaya, Kirci & Misir, 2015 ; Francis, Bolton, Abdoulmoumine, Lavrykova & Bose, 2008 ; Venica, Chen & Gratzl, 2008 ) and bamboos ( DENiZ, Okan, Serdar & Ş ahin, 2017 ; Jahan, Sarkar & Rahman, 2015 ; Kamthai, 2007 ; Nurul, Suhaimi & Rushdan, 2015 ) etc. Although paper sheets from virgin (raw) biomass is superior in terms of physical properties as compared to recycled fibres, the later has
1. Introduction
The key to sustainable chemical processes on an industrial scale requires the development of eco-friendly products from renewable re- sources ( Beard, Ledward & Sergeeva, 2017 ). In an era of plastic menace followed by a ban of plastic based handy materials in many countries ( European commission, 2011 ; Jambeck et al., 2015 ; Rochman et al., 2013 ), paper serves to be an excellent alternative medium that can be extensively used in various applications ranging from printing/writing, packaging, household products, micro-fluidic devices and so on. Paper is lightweight, biodegradable, mechanically stable and a recyclable com- modity ( Rastogi & Samyn, 2015) . Researchers are involved in the de- velopment of various kind of products by zero chemical use and dis- charge for the maintenace of enviornment sustainability ( Gupta, Joshi, Rana, Rawat & Sharma, 2020 ). It can be produced from woody or non- woody biomass or recycled fibres through chemical and/or mechanical pulping. The chemical pulping processes solubilise lignin fraction from the cellulose matrix, followed by the conversion of the later into pa- per sheets ( Shen, Fatehi & Ni, 2014 ). Lignin solubilization is a desirable process in paper manufacturing but loss of hemicelluloses due to peel- ing action of alkali and their leaching with black liquor is an unwanted phenomenon which directly impacts on pulp yield and responsible for poor strength properties in final paper sheet due to low content of hemi- celluloses ( Bi et al., 2021 ; Gulsoy & Eroglu, 2011 ; Malik, Rana, Joshi,
∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: ranav@icfre.org , vikasranaji@gmail.com (V. Rana).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100050 Received 19 July 2020; Received in revised form 19 February 2021; Accepted 19 February 2021 2666-8939/© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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