Sustainability 2021 , 13 , 9069
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Table4. Costs associated with conventional paper production life cycle.
Phase
Cost’s Voice
Quantity
Unit
UnitCost
Unit
Costs ( € )
Sources
Research and Development Work (researcher/engineer)
€ /hour
0.5
hour
40
20 20
FAVINI srl
Subtotal
Raw material acquisition
0.20 € 0.75 € 0.06 € 0.60 € 0.65 € 0.63 € 0.76 € 0.60 € 0.42 € 2.50 €
€ /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg € /kg
0.007 € 0.001 € 0.012 € 0.003 € 0.227 € 0.060 € 0.080 € 0.058 € 0.017 € 0.002 € 0.466 €
Chemicals, inorganic
0.0372
kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg
FAVINI srl FAVINI srl FAVINI srl FAVINI srl FAVINI srl FAVINI srl
Silica flour Limestone AKDsizer
0.001 0.202
0.00434
Waste-paper pulp (Italy) Eucalyptus pulp (Brazil) Softwood pulp (Sweden) Hard-wood pulp (Slovakia)
0.349206
0.09599
0.104775 0.09599 0.0397 0.0008
[24]
FAVINI srl FAVINI srl FAVINI srl
Potato starch
Pigment Subtotal
Production
€ /kWh 0.059 €
Electricity
0.4104
kWh 0.1449
[49]
Natural gas, consumer price, Italy
€ /kWh 0.094 €
3.72
kWh 0.0253
[50]
€ /mc= t
0.040 €
Water Work
23
kg
1.73
[48]
€ /hour
1
hour
25
25
25.193 €
Subtotal
Depreciation and taxes
€ /kg
86.388 € 86.388 €
Wastewater treatment
21.597
kg
4
[24]
Subtotal
Use
Subtotal
0
Recycling
€ /t € /t € /t € /t
0.041 € 0.025 € 0.016 €
Collection
1
kg kg kg kg
41.2
[24] [51] [51] [51]
Sorting
0.725 0.707
35
Transport to re-processor Revenue for baled paper
22.9
− 0.008 € 0.075 €
0.349206
− 21.6
Subtotal
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