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These improvements could be estimated based on the mechanical properties of the nanopapers and epoxy resin matrix. An addition of only 2 wt% of galac- toglucomannan to CNF resulted in significantly improved tensile strength (50%) of the nanopaper, which in turn resulted in a 40% increase of the strength of the corresponding laminated epoxy composite containing 80 vol% CNF. Furthermore, the strain at break and work of fracture also improved. This was explained by the lubricating effect of the WSPS affecting crack propagation in the nanopaper. BC nanopaper composites exhibited even higher tensile properties as compared to the modified CNF nanopa- per reinforced composites, which was explained by its higher degree of crystallinity. Moreover, it was found that the WSPS hardly affected the thermal degradation behavior of the CNF nanopapers and the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was mainly governed by the thermal behavior of the CNF nanopapers as they made up around 80 vol% of the composites. Open access funding provided by University of Vienna. Financial support by the Academy of Finland, Project 278279, as well as by the University of Vienna is greatly acknowledged. J.L. thanks the Nanomicroscopy Center at Aalto University for the possibility to conduct high resolution scanning electron microscopy and Juuso Korhonen for his assistance in setting up the microscope. Acknowledgments Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Com- mons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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