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Table2. Summary of data parameters related to CO 2 emissions of paper products.
Data Parameters
Value 0.4500 0.8300 1.0400 22.7200 1.8400 1.5300 1.6300 0.6500 1.7700 10.1500
Data Parameters
Value 1.9003 2.8604 3.0202 2.9251 3.0179 3.0959 3.1705 0.0022 0.0010 0.0220 0.0140
Paper straw availability coefficient (t/t) Straw collectability coefficient (t/t)
Coal CO 2 emission factors (tCO 2 /t) CokeCO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Crude oil CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Gasoline CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Kerosene CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Diesel CO 2 emission factors (tCO 2 /t) Fuel oil CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Natural gas CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /m 3 ) Electricity CO 2 Emission Factor (tCO 2 /kW-h) Rail transport CO 2 emission factors (t/t.km)
Grain/straw ratio (t/t)
Agricultural film CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Rice seed CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Nitrogen fertilizer CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Phosphate fertilizer CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t)
PotashCO 2 emission factors (tCO 2 /t) CompostCO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Herbicide CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Pesticide CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t) Fungicide CO 2 emission factor (tCO 2 /t)
16.6100 waterway transport CO 2 emission factors (t/t.km)
10.5700
DOC f
50% 50% 90%
DOC MCF
40% 50% 50%
F
FCF
CF
OF
100%
3. Results 3.1. Overall CO 2 Emission Status
The results of accounting for each stage of the whole life cycle of CO 2 emissions of paper products are combined to estimate the CO 2 emissions of the whole life cycle of paper products in China, as shown in Figure 2. The CO 2 emissions of each stage are, in descending order, pulp and paper stage (average share of about 67.95%) > waste paper disposal stage (19.26%) > raw material disposal stage (5.70%) > transportation stage (3.84%) > export paper and board (3.23%). The pulp and paper making and waste paper disposal stages are the main sources of CO 2 emissions for the whole life cycle of paper products, accounting for more than 90%. The growth of CO 2 emissions from exported paper and paperboard means a gradual increase in CO 2 emissions transferred from abroad to China, which not only increases the pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction in China but also exacerbates the contradiction between the lack of paper raw materials and the excess production of paper and paperboard in China’s papermaking industry. 12 of 22
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Figure 2. CO 2 emissions from the life cycle of paper products from the perspective of consumer responsibility. Figure 2. CO 2 emissions from the life cycle of paper products from the perspective of consumer responsibility.
3.2. CO 2 Emission Status of the Raw Material Acquisition Stage In the raw material acquisition stage, the CO 2 emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp are much higher than those from acquiring wood pulp, see Figure 3. China is also gradually reducing the use of non-wood pulp raw materials, which is in the direction of improving the raw material structure of papermaking in China, and we expect that the CO emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp will continue to show a significant decline.
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