12of 21 Figure 2. CO 2 emissions from the life cycle of paper products from the perspective of consumer responsibility.
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3.2. CO 2 Emission Status of the Raw Material Acquisition Stage In the raw material acquisition stage, the CO 2 emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp are much higher than those from acquiring wood pulp, see Figure 3. China is also gradually reducing the use of non-wood pulp raw materials, which is in the direction of improving the raw material structure of papermaking in China, and we expect that the CO 2 emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp will continue to show a significant decline. 3.2. CO 2 Emission Status of the Raw Material Acquisition Stage In the raw material acquisition stage, the CO 2 emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp are much higher than those from acquiring wood pulp, see Figure 3. China is also gradually reducing the use of non-wood pulp raw materials, which is in the direction of improving the raw material structure of papermaking in China, and we expect that the CO 2 emissions from acquiring non-wood pulp will continue to show a significant decline.
Figure 3. CO 2 emissions from the raw material acquisition stage. Figure3. CO 2 emissions from the raw material acquisition stage. From the accounting results, the CO 2 emissions from wood pulp acquisition rose slightly from 2000–2019, and the opposite for non-wood pulp. Since the CO 2 emissions from non-wood pulp always accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for more than 95% from 2000–2019, the total CO 2 emissions from the raw material acquisition stage continued to decline with the decline in CO 2 emissions from non-wood pulp acquisition. Among them, around 2010, the CO 2 emissions of the raw material acquisition stage rose significantly, mainly due to the continued high prices of imported wood pulp and imported waste paper, resulting in a year-on-year decline in imports and a rise in domestic demand for non-wood pulp. 2013 onwards, the adjustment of the raw material structure of paper production has to some extent reduced the pressure on CO 2 emissions. During the two “2011–2019 Five-Year Plan” period, the proportion of non-wood pulp has been reduced from 13.71% to 6.03% so that the CO 2 emissions of this phase exhibit a certain downward trend. In terms of wood harvesting and transportation, the highest CO 2 emissions are from transporting wood, followed by skidding, and the lowest is from harvesting wood; in terms ofCO 2 emissions from various agricultural inputs used in rice cultivation for paper production, fertilizer accounts for 41%, electricity consumption for irrigation accounts for 26%, andCO 2 emissions from diesel and pesticide inputs account for 8–9%, and the CO 2 emissions from the above agricultural inputs in total account for more than 85% of the total emissions from cultivation. 3.3. CO 2 Emissions Status of Pulp and Paper Stage From the accounting results, the CO 2 emissions from wood pulp acquisition rose slightly from 2000 – 2019, and the opposite for non-wood pulp. Since the CO 2 emissions from non-wood pulp always accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for more than 95% from 2000 – 2019, the total CO 2 emissions from the raw material acquisition stage continued to decline with the decline in CO 2 emissions from non-wood pulp acquisition. Among them, around 2010, the CO 2 emissions of the raw material acquisition stage rose significantly, mainly due to the continued high prices of imported wood pulp and From an overall perspective, CO 2 emissions from the pulp and paper stage rose from 64.21 × 10 6 t in 2000 to 151.61 × 10 6 t in 2019, with an average annual compound growth rate of 4.38% (Figure 4), which is higher than the average annual compound growth rate of 3.79% of China’s total CO 2 emissions [2]. While the UK’s CO 2 emissions at that stage in 2014 have been reduced by 42% compared to 2008 [50]. Compared to some European countries, CO 2 emissions from the pulp and paper production process in China are still on an increasing trend.
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