A. Kübra Yontar et al.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications 159 (2024) 111865
Fig. 2. MDF coating manufacturing process with AgNP modification.
hardener, wetting agent, release agent, and antiblocanticust chemicals. The proportion of melamine glue varies between 99 and 100 %. 2.2. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles Cannabis Sativa seeds contain carboxylic acids, oleic acid, antioxi dants, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and canniprene [30,31]. These biomolecules found in plants are called secondary metabolites and generally act as both reductants and stabilizers in the green synthesis and nanoparticle production mechanism. Hydroxyl groups (OH) found in plant biomolecules such as amino acids, alkaloids, proteins, poly phenols, flavonoids, enzymes, tannins, carbohydrates and saponins provide the stabilization and reduction of silver ions (Ag + ) to Ag 0 . Further reduction to Ag + leads to the formation of silver nuclei, resulting in the synthesis of AgNPs. Ag + ions as OH groups bind to the carbon atoms of aromatic rings of plants, which is the mechanism that enables the reduction of Ag + into nanoparticles [33 – 35]. The first step required for green synthesis of nanosilver is the preparation of the plant extract. First, Cannabis Sativa seeds were crushed in a mortar until they reached an average size of 500 μ m. Then the seed pieces were thrown into 200 mL of distilled water. Water was preferred in obtaining the extract of Cannabis Sativa seeds. Because, by using water and heat together, results as effective as alcohol extraction can be achieved. With temperature, the components and oils found in plants can rapidly diffuse into water. As a greener and more economical method, the use of water in the preparation of plant extracts is highly preferred [36 – 38]. After heating at 90 ˚ C for 20 min, the water containing the seeds was kept at room temperature for 12 h. Finally, the plant extracts were obtained by
passing the solution through filter paper. As shown in Fig. 1, when the color of the water changed from clear to light brown, it was understood that the seed extracts were released into the water. In order to compare the antibacterial, mechanical and other performance properties with nano silver modification on MDF surfaces, silver solutions were used at the rates of 1,3 and 5 % by weight on the surfaces to be coated. The green synthesis method was used to prepare individual nano silver solutions at these ratios. Basically, silver nitrate solution is prepared first for green synthesis. These nano silver solutions, which will be added to the coating solution, which will be 40 mL in total, were prepared with 7 mL of distilled water. While preparing nano silver solutions, 0.4 g for 1 %, 1.2 g for 3 % and 2 g for 5 % silver nitrate were used. Silver nitrates were added to 7 mL of pure water in separate beakers and mixed for 15 min in a magnetic stirrer to ensure complete dissolution. After adding 3 mL of Cannabis Sativa seeds extracts into silver nitrate solutions, stirring continued for 10 min. When the reaction solution turned from light yellow to dark gray, the synthesis process was complete and mixing was stopped. Thus, as shown in Fig. 1, silver nanoparticles were synthesized with plant extracts. 2.3. Production of antibacterial MDFs An antibacterial effective product was produced with silver nano particle modification on MDF surfaces. In the MDF surface coating process, the production stages of which are shown in Fig. 2, the first step was the modification of AgNPs into melamine. A solution of 10 mL of green synthesized nanosilver particles was added to 30 mL of melamine and mixed for 10 min until it became homogeneous. Then, after pouring
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