European Journal of Wood and Wood Products (2023) 81:557–570 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-01937-4
REVIEW ARTICLE
Production of wood-based panel from recycled wood resource: a literature review
Duy Linh Nguyen 1,3 · Jan Luedtke 2 · Martin Nopens 2 · Andreas Krause 2
Received: 17 February 2022 / Accepted: 28 January 2023 / Published online: 17 February 2023 © The Author(s) 2023
Abstract This article presents and discusses the available studies on utilization of waste wood (WW) resource for wood-based panel production. The cited literature indicated that the majority of WW research was from Europe and conducted mainly on recy- cled material from particleboard. In addition, particleboard was presented as the first option of wood-based panel product manufactured from waste wood. There was a lack of research on the recycling of plywood. Physical and chemical contami- nants fluctuated strongly between low- and high-quality recycled wood mixes depending on their origins. Findings from studies also noticed that wood-based panels (e.g., particleboard) could be produced from 100% WW. However, the physical and mechanical properties of wood-based panel drop with the high proportion of WW content due to the decrease in slen- derness ratio and increase in contaminants. Moreover, formaldehyde emission content of particleboard and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) manufactured from WW particles increases when the WW percentage increases. Contrary, the formaldehyde amount decreases with the increase in recycled fiber content in fiberboards. Notably, the properties and emission of recycled wood composite products could be improved by applying high-tech sorting technologies, appropriate chipping techniques, pretreatment steps and formaldehyde-free binders during waste wood handling and production process.
1 Introduction
year (Sekundaerrohstoffe 2018). According to the United State Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA gen- erated about 18.1 million short tons of waste wood in 2018 collected from municipal solid waste streams. Waste wood originates from various resources. There- fore, it is not a homogeneous material due to its complexity of wood types, applications and sources (Bergeron 2014). In addition, waste wood is also considered as a highly sophisticated material in terms of chemical and physical composition (Edo et al. 2016). Various physical and chemi- cal contaminants exist in the waste wood resources caus- ing problems for recycling processes and influencing the properties of recycled products. Nowadays, mechanical processes (e.g. sieving, magnet or eddy current) can sort physical contaminants in waste wood such as plastic, metal, textile, etc. However, chemical contaminants that are coming from substances of wood preservatives, paints, glues, etc. are not easy to eliminate from waste wood mechanically. Thus, the management of these contaminants from inputs plays an important role in cascading and re-using this valuable resource effectively (Besserer et al. 2021). From this point of view, management using waste wood ordinances has been established and used in many countries. However, there is a lack of uniform waste wood ordinance among countries
Post-consumer waste wood is a valuable feedstock for ener- getic and material sector. Its volume has been increased together with the rapid urbanization and industrialization. Based on Eurostat data in 2014, Europe generates annually about 60 million tons of waste wood collected from differ- ent sectors. Germany is the country in Europe collecting the highest number of waste wood per year, accounting for about 6.6 million tons in 2016 (Purkus et al. 2019). Italy, UK and France generate roughly 4 million tons per year, whereas Belgium, Austria, Spain and Poland produce around 2 million tons in 2014 (Silvio 2018). In addition, Sweden, Norway and Denmark collect nearly 1.0 million tons per
* Duy Linh Nguyen
linh.nguyen@uni-hamburg.de
1 Institute of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91C, 21031 Hamburg, Germany 2 Thuenen Institute of Wood Research, Leuschnerstrasse 91C, 21031 Hamburg, Germany 3 Faculty of Forestry, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, 70000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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