Störmer et al.
10.3389/fchem.2024.1397913
Funding
if yes, then at which level. From a legal compliance point of view, harsh and very severe time – temperature conditions can be selected, but the results are likely to allow only proving but not disapproving compliance and therefore unnecessarily disqualify paper food contact materials. Estimation of exposure would fail anyway. Aspect (ii): Out of the different modeling approaches, a physical – chemical model based on the knowledge of the underlying mass transport mechanisms and processes, as well as on the determining parameters, such as diffusion constants and partition coef fi cients, are, in our opinion, the most promising and sustainable approach. However, there is a lack of qualitative and quantitative understanding of the factors and determinants of transport and partitioning processes in and from paper. For compliance evaluations, it will be advantageous if the plastics model can serve as the format to be adapted to paper along with the main paper-related characteristics, in which the vapor pressure of migrants plays an important role, as was found in almost all studies. For understanding the processes, models must be more complex. Toward wetting or fatty contact, more research is also needed. Overall, the published scienti fi c data and collective knowledge in this area, along with modern molecular dynamics science, form a promising solid basis for future work to fi ll the open data gaps and generate the needed knowledge, thus ending up with a migration model of broad applicability and general acceptance.
The authors declare that fi nancial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The work was partly funded by Industrievereinigung Lebensmitteltechnologie und Verpackung, 85354 Freising (www.ivlv.org within IVLV project “ Migration from paper and board 2 ” ). Project can be found in project database https://www.ivlv.org/en/project/migration-from- paper-and-board-2/
Con fl ict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or fi nancial relationships that could be construed as a potential con fl ict of interest.
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Supplementary material
Author contributions
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1397913/ full#supplementary-material
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE S1 Substances used in paper migration studies.
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