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C.V.G. Esteves: Oxygen deligni fi ed fi bers as a greener alternative for tissue paper
the fi ber charges is not maximized as in the higher kappa number pulps and therefore no signi fi cant bene fi twas seen. The higher wet strength and similar absorption capacity seen for the oxygen unbleached fi bers will be suitable for di ff erent types of tissue products, making them a more sus- tainable option than the fully bleached fi bers, since no bleach- ing would be necessary. Nevertheless, other considerations must be considered and studied further, such as the possibly higher energy consumption in the drying paper section. Acknowledgments: The author gratefully acknowledges “ Södra Skogsägarnas Stiftelse för Forskning, Utveckling och Utbildning ” for the fi nancial support of this project 2022 – 297. The author would also like to acknowledge Mikaela Kubat for the cooking, oxygen deligni fi cation and fi ber charge measurements. Fredrik Adås and Ladan Fouladi are also acknowledged for their guidance and comments on the tissue testing. Elisabet Brännvall and Aron Tysén are acknowledged for reading and commenting on the manuscript. Research ethics: Not applicable. Author contributions: The author has accepted responsi- bility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Competing interests: The author states no con fl ict of interest Research funding: Södra Skogsägarnas Stiftelse för Forskning, Utveckling och Utbildning, 2022 – 297. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author. References Beuther, P.D., Veith, M.W., and Zwick, K.J. (2010). Characterization of absorbent fl ow rate in towel and tissue. J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. 5, https://doi. org/10.1177/155892501000500201. Brännvall, E., Larsson, P.T., and Stevanic, J.S. (2021). Changes in the cellulose fi ber wall supramolecular structure during the initial stages of chemical treatments of wood evaluated by NMR and X-ray scattering. Cellulose 28: 3951 – 3965, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03790-1. Brito, A., Suarez, A., Pifano, A., Reisinger, L., Wright, J., Saloni, D., Kelley, S., Gonzalez, R., Venditti, R., and Jameel, H. (2023). Environmental life cycle assessment of premium and ultra hygiene tissue products in the United States. BioResources 18: 4006 – 4031, https://doi.org/10.15376/ biores.18.2.4006-4031. Brodin, F.W. and Theliander, H. (2012). Absorbent materials based on kraft pulp: preparation and material characterization. BioResources 7, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.2.1666-1683.
Figure 10: Softness for unbleached oxygen deligni fi ed pulps and fully bleached pulp as a function of, a) bulk, b) wet and c) dry tensile index (20g/m 2 laboratory tissue handsheets were used).
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