PAPER making! g! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® Volume 9, Number 1, 2023
from 27.35 to 547 g COD L −1 d −1 that positively affect the hydrogen production rate for all HRTs except for the shortest HRT. Furthermore, COD removal efficiency was reduced from 25.2 to 6 %. Low value of COD removal efficiency is because of conversion of organic inlet to valuable metabolites such as VFAs in the effluent. ENVIRONMENT “ Chemical and enzymatic deinking efficiency of agricultural and industrial waste fiber- based paper packaging ” , Mija Sezun et al, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , Vol.103(3), 2023. Deinking is an important part of paper recycling that involves the removal of ink particles from the paper fibres. This industrial process is important so that the fibres can be recirculated back into paper production, which enables better sustainability as fewer fresh fibres are needed. In this study, we examined five different alternative fibre materials from different agricultural residues and industrial processes for the pilot production of papers. Papers containing fibres from invasive plants (Japanese knotweed), dedicated crops (miscanthus, acacia), agricultural residues (tomato stems), and industrial waste (jute – fibres from coffee bags) were printed with water-based flexo inks and deinked with two separate processes (chemical and enzymes). Mechanical (break and tensile index, breaking length) and optical properties (ISO whiteness, brightness and CIE L*a*b* values) were measured and ink elimination IR700 and deinking efficiency was calculated for the two deinking processes. “Environmental sustainability perception toward obvious recovered waste content in paper - based packaging: An online and in-person survey best- worst scaling experiment”, Sophie Van Schoubroeck et al, Resources, Conservation and Recycling , Vol.188, 2023. This study explores consumers’ visual sustainability impressions of paper -based packaging that has incorporated obvious waste content. Two research questions were addressed concerning (i) the environmental sustainability perception of noticeable waste content in packaging and (ii) the impact of the presentation format (i.e., online versus in-person surveys) when studying these perceptions. Best-worst scaling experiments were conducted, which made respondents choose the ‘most’ and ‘least’ environmentally friendly package. Packages were designed using paperboard substrates blending either brown linerboard or white hardwood pulp with different recovered waste materials. The results showed that consumers perceive obvious waste-containing packaging as more environmentally friendly than classical packaging (with no visual waste). Samples with a brown base and agricultural waste were perceived as more sustainable compared to white packaging and the use of paper waste. In addition, the presentation format changed respondents’ perception, and should therefore be carefully considered when designing surveys. FILLERS "Effect of crystal-shaped additives of precipitated calcium carbonate on the whiteness of modified fly ash and hand sheets", P. Liu et al, Bioresources , Vol.18(1), 2023. Fly ash was modified using calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The morphology of precipitated calcium carbonate was controlled by adding different crystal-shape-forming additives. Effects of sodium hexametaphosphate, zinc chloride, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, and aluminium chloride on the crystal shape of precipitated calcium carbonate were studied. The effects of crystal-shaped additives of precipitated calcium on the whiteness of modified fly ash and hand sheets were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of ZnCl 2 (0.35%) can play a role in coating fly ash well. The coating effect of the acicular, chain, and lamellar precipitated calcium carbonate on the surface of fly ash was slightly less effective than that of globular crystals.
Technical Abstracts
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