Land 2023 , 12 , 305
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the innovating company/organisation (a), knowledge source (b), sectors involved in the innovation (c) and its support (d), administrative/policy level (e) and type of support (f) (Table 1). The specific analysis criteria and categories within each element were developed inductively in order to capture the relevant factors.
Table1. Overview of cases and main analysis elements.
Type of Sector
Case Nr
Typeof Organisation
Typeof Knowledge
Support/Sectors Support/Level Support/Measure
Case Code Case Description
LOC; NAT-LOC; EU-LOC
Gamemeat marketing label
PULO+ ENTR
1
AT GAME
RUR
C
CROSS
INF; FIN; COO
Wild food specialties from Nature Parks New forest products from a LEADER Region
TRALO+ INST
2
AT NPS
RUR+URB C
CROSS
LOC
INF; FIN; COO
3
AT LEAD
INST
RUR+URB C
CROSS
EU-LOC INF; FIN; COO
Cut your own Christmas tree
TRALO
RUR
F
SECT
LOC
INF
4
AT XMAS
Direct game marketing
5
DE GAME
PULO
RUR
C
SECT
NAT-LOC
INF; FIN
Mushroom restaurant and gourmet products Mushroom hotel Natural pine resin products Innovative birch sap production
6
ES GOUR
ENTR
RUR
C CROSS; NONS NAT; EU-LOC INF; FIN; COO
7
ES HOT
TRALO RUR + URB C
CROSS
LOC; EU
INF; FIN
8
ES RES
IND
URB
C CROSS; NONS LOC; NAT INF; FIN; COO
LOC; NAT-LOC LOC; NAT-LOC
INF; FIN
9
FI BIR
NEWLO RUR + URB O
NONS
INF; FIN
10
FI GIFT
ENTR RUR + URB C
NONS
Gift packages
Regional marketing around chestnuts Adapted regulations for larch turpentine collection Wooden holds for climbing walls Tea spoon shaped teabags Coppice wood management training
11
IT MAR
INST
RUR+URB C
CROSS
LOC
INF; FIN; COO
12
IT TURP
ENTR
RUR
C
NONS
LOC
REG
13
SL OCLI
ENTR
URB
O
NONS
NAT
INF; FIN
14
SRB TEA
ENTR RUR + URB O
NONS
NAT
INF; FIN
15
UK COPP
SOC
RUR+URB O
CROSS
NAT
FIN
NEWLO RUR + URB O
CROSS
LOC; EU-LOC INF; FIN
16
UK FINE Local hand-plucked tea
Foraging products and tours
17
UK PICK
ENTR RUR + URB O
NONS
LOC
INF; FIN; COO
18
UK SKIL Teaching woodland management
CROSS
LOC
FIN
NEWLO/SOC RUR + URB O
ENTR RUR + URB O
CROSS
LOC; EU-LOC INF; FIN; COO
19
UK WILL Willow weaving courses
20
UK WINE
Country wines
ENTR RUR + URB O FIN Legend: Type of company/organisation: institutional actors (INST), public land owners (PULO), traditional farm owners (TRALO), new land owners (NEWLO), not land-owning micro-entrepreneurs (ENTR), industrial companies (IND) and social entrepreneurs (SOC); type of knowledge: traditional rural knowledge (RUR), urban skills and knowhow or scientific knowledge (URB); type of sector: forestry (F), outside/other sector (O), cross- sectoral interaction (C); support—from which sector: forestry sector (SECT), other sectorial or rural development support (CROSS), non-sector specific (NONS); type of support—from which policy/administrative level: regional or local (LOC), national (NAT) or European Union level (EU). higher level programme administered on the local or regional level (NAT-LOC; EU-LOC); type of support—which kind of measure: information (INF), financial (FIN), coordination/networking (COO), adaptation of the regulatory framework (REG). NONS NAT-LOC
a. Type of company/organisation : The innovators in our case studies were often companies, with or without own land resources, but also include a few non-profit organisations
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