PAPER making! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TEC Volume 11, Number 1, 2025
Migration of toxic elements from recycled paper food contact materials to food simulants: compatibility and influence of sample preparation methods ATHANASIOS KOURKOPOULOS 1 , DICK THEODORUS HUBERTUS MARIA SIJM 1,2 & MISHA VROLIJK 1 The presence of toxic elements in paper and board food contact materials (FCMs) has been previously shown by various studies employing different sample preparation methods. This study elucidates the influence of migration methods on the migration of toxic elements from recycled paper FCMs to food simulants and compares these methods with exhaustive extraction approaches. Migration samples were prepared with four food simulants as specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 10/2011: 3% (volume fraction) acetic acid, 10% (volume fraction) and 50% (volume fraction) ethanol, and Tenax. The extraction process underestimated the number and quantity of elements. Migration methodologies revealed distinct element transfer patterns influenced by the physicochemical properties of the food simulants. Toxic elements, including aluminum, cobalt, nickel, arsenic, lead, cadmium, barium, and uranium, were detected in quantities exceeding safety reference values. These findings underscore the need for harmonized migration testing and regulatory-specific migration limits. Contact Details: 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 2 Office for Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands. Food Quality and Safety, 2025, 9, fyaf002
https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaf002 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
The Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA) is an independent organisation which operates for the general benefit of its members – both individual and corporate – dedicated to promoting and improving the technical and scientific knowledge of those working in the UK pulp and paper industry. Formed in 1960, it serves the Industry, both manufacturers and suppliers, by providing a forum for members to meet and network; it organises visits, conferences and training seminars that cover all aspects of papermaking science. It also publishes the prestigious journal Paper Technology International ® and the PITA Annual Review , both sent free to members, and a range of other technical publications which include conference proceedings and the acclaimed Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating .
Article 8 – Food Contact & Paper Materials
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