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behavior of these elements is influenced by the chemical prop- erties of the extraction solvent and the specific food simulant used during sample preparation. Consequently, migration studies should be meticulously designed while considering the intended food type that will come into contact with the FCM. This approach is crucial for selecting the appropriate physicochemical characteristics of food simulants. The edu- cated selection of simulants that closely simulate the actual conditions of food contact ensures accurate assessments of elemental migration. This thorough selection process helps mitigate the risk of underestimating or overestimating the mi- gration of hazardous elements. Such accurate assessments are essential for ensuring consumer safety and regulatory com- pliance, as they provide reliable data on potential exposure to harmful elements. In contrast, the inappropriate selection of sample preparation conditions can lead to false assurances of safety or overestimation of risk. Subsequently, misleading risk-benefit analysis results can be derived, which can result in inadequate risk management decisions. Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available at Food Quality and Safety online. Author Contributions Athanasios Kourkopoulos was involved in the research plan- ning, performed the research, drafted the manuscript, and pre- pared the documentation. Misha Vrolijk contributed to the research planning, provided feedback, and edited the draft. Dick Theodorus Hubertus Maria Sijm contributed to the re- search planning, provided feedback, and edited the draft. Acknowledgements The authors extend their sincere gratitude to Dr. Stefan van Leeuwen, Dr. Hanneke Brust, and Nienke Peters for their essential support in conducting the elemental analysis inte- gral for this study at Wageningen Food Safety Research, The Netherlands. Funding This work was funded by the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) under the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality of the Netherlands with funding number 1400011703.
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Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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