PAPER making! g! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® Volume 11, Number 1, 2025
optimal absorbency in paper towel products. Additionally, this study provides a foundation for developing more efficient paper towels and offers valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of paper towel absorbency, which will aid in the development of improved hygiene paper products. “Application of Plant Fiber and Biomass in Tissue Paper”, Kartick K. Samanta, D. P. Ray, Ananna Patra, S. N. Chattopadhyay & D. B. Shakyawar, chapter in book Advances in Renewable Natural Materials for Textile Sustainability , CRC Press, 2024. Tissue paper, named from the French word “tissue,” meaning cloth, is renowned for its softness, lightness, and absorbency. Made from fine pulp fibers, it typically has an areal density of less than 40g/m 2 and can be produced from virgin or recycled fibers or a blend of both. In the market, tissue paper is available in single to three-ply sheets, based on the end applications, and serves various functions, from cleaning and dusting to personal care and packaging. Tissue paper is categorized into three main segments: packaging, household, and sanitary uses. It is marketed in two primary sectors: “Away -From- Home” (AFH) for professional and institutional use and “At - Home” (AH) for consumer use. The manufacturin g process varies based on the type of fiber (virgin or recycled), production method, and source material (wood or non-wood). The strength of tissue paper is influenced by fiber characteristics, molecular bonding, and chemical additives. It can be made from hardwood, softwood, or plant fibers like jute, hemp, banana, cotton, and pineapple. Consumer preferences, such as the need for wet strength and absorbency in kitchen towels, play a significant role in product design. Tissue and towel products are cost-effective, convenient solutions for cleaning spills, absorbing five to ten times their weight in liquid. This chapter summarizes the properties, classifications, and applications of tissue paper, highlighting the potential of plant fibers in this sector. WASTE TREATMENT “ Membrane-Assisted Technologies for Treating Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater ”, Richa Aggrawal, Jitender Dhiman, Anshu, Shrutikona Das, Kumar Anupam & Ashwani Kumar Dixit, chapter 1 in book: Green Technologies for Industrial Contaminants (pp.1-26), 2025. The pulp and paper industry (PPI) is a water-intensive industry. It utilizes billions of cubic meters of water in the papermaking process. After that it produces an enormous amount of wastewater enriched with various contaminants, including biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, color, heavy metal ions, etc. Eliminating these contaminants from PPI wastewater is necessary to meet the norms of various regulatory authorities to preserve the environment and human health. Literature suggests that these water pollutants from PPI can be treated using various technologies such as filtration, adsorption, precipitation, electrodialysis, coagulation, flocculation, floatation, ion-exchange, etc. Nevertheless, these techniques have several de-merits, like the massive requirement of physicochemical reagents, non-uniform pollutant removing capacity, generation of secondary hazardous solid waste, etc. Though these methods can sufficiently treat the above-mentioned impurities from PPI wastewater, the membrane technologies are known for a higher level of performance either implemented individually (reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration) or in hybrid configuration (reverse osmosis + ultrafiltration + nanofiltration, membrane + adsorption, membrane distillation, etc.). This chapter aims to present an anthology of different membrane-based techniques; operating parameters; and types, configuration, and characterization of membranes used for evaluation of membrane-based processes concerning the PPI wastewater treatment. “ Optimizing papermaking wastewater treatment by predicting effluent quality with node-level capsule graph neural networks ”, G. Baskar, A. N. Parameswaran & R.
Technical Abstracts
Page 10 of 14
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator