Advanced Materials & Sustainable Manufacturing 2024 , 1, 10003
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Figure 6. Triangle diagram of model performance in terms of R 2 , MAPE, and RMSE.
Table 5. Comparison of the effects of exhaust temperature and humidity prediction models.
Variable
Model
Valuation Criteria
1
2
3
4
R 2
0.85 0.47 0.72 0.82 0.54 0.82 0.65 0.79 1.19 0.87 3.12 3.20 0.84 3.56 3.62 0.76 4.65 4.68
0.89 0.40 0.60 0.88 0.46 0.69 0.80 0.61 0.92 0.92 2.54 2.52 0.92 2.77 2.75 0.85 4.08 4.03
0.92 0.52 0.79 0.92 0.54 0.82 0.85 0.80 1.22 0.92 3.56 3.58 0.91 3.96 3.96 0.84 5.44 5.45
0.81 0.40 0.59 0.78 0.44 0.64 0.59 0.62 0.90 0.85 2.58 2.27 0.83 2.85 2.49 0.58 4.37 3.82
RF
MAE MAPE
R 2
T oa ( ℃)
GBR
MAE
MAPE
R 2
LR
MAE
MAPE
R 2
RF
MAE
MAPE
R 2
H oa (%)
GBR
MAE
MAPE
R 2
LR
MAE
MAPE
3.3. Visualisation Model The following simulation model is based on the example of a surface condenser, where the input and output processes of the surface condenser are analyzed and the input and output streams are identified based on the mechanistic equations. A new module is created in CADSIM Plus as a “ Polygon ” , which is a closed shape used to represent a unit of equipment and, when connected to the flow lines, forms the basis of the simulation model. Then to select the streams to be used and draw the flow lines, select “ Create Stream Definition ” to access the “ Stream Definition Wizard ” and select the streams to be used in the process Select the stream components to be used in the process, such as liquids, gases and solids, or some property values such as temperature and pressure. Select “ Paper ” for the “ Stream Type ” , “ STEAM ” for the secondary stream and “ Temperature ” for the other three streams, depending on the mechanism equation. The other three streams are selected as “ WATER ” and temperature, and are constructed as shown in Figure 7. CADSIM Plus communicates with the COM server through the COMCLIENT module. External numerical data can be used in simulation calculations as part of the simulation model. CADSIM Plus can provide numerical data to an external application (e.g. Excel), which can perform its own calculations and then return the results to CADSIM Plus for further processing. Based on the pre-solved data, the accuracy of the simulation is verified by bidirectional data transfer via the software’s COM function, and the operation is observed for different input parameters. It can be
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