Materials 2025 , 18 , 228
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T15 seem rougher, revealing a more spiky colormap, while the surfaces of the product T17 appear to be smoother/softer, revealing a more uniform colormap. To help us better analyze these last points, additional images, depicted in Figures 7 and 8, were considered, showing the top surface of both products T15 and T17 in detail.
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Figure 7. Images of the top surface of the tissue product T15: ( a ) global view; and ( b ) magnified view (4 × ) of the area contained in the red square.
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Figure 8. Images of the top surface of the tissue product T17: ( a ) global view; and ( b ) magnified view (4 × ) of the area contained in the red square. From Figures 7 and 8, it is indeed possible to verify that the embossing patterns are, in fact, different for the two tissue products, but, more importantly, it is possible to verify that the product T15 is rougher than the product T17. The reason for this is quite simple to understand and is due to the base tissue papers used for the manufacture of both products. From their global views, in Figures 7a and 8a, it is already visible, but, on their magnified views, in Figures 7b and 8b, it becomes even clearer through the observation of their formed patterns of creping lines. The first one, associated with the product T15, is very pronounced and well defined, typically associated with lower handfeel values, and, consequently, lower softness, whereas the second is less pronounced and more diffuse, typically associated with higher values of handfeel, and, consequently, higher softness. This analysis, once again, corroborates the physical differences assessed by the KES and OPT methods that establish these two tissue products as being in extreme positions in terms of softness, specifically, T15 as being the rougher and T17 as being the softer. To complete the analysis concerning these two products, just one more thing must be done, namely, to verify their positions on the remaining two assessment methods. Table 7 synthesizes the above information for both products.
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