PAPERmaking! Vol11 Nr1 2025

Materials 2025 , 18 , 228

16of 17

national funds (PIDDAC) and DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00195/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/ 00195/2020). Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the materials, access to equipment and installations, and all the general support given by The Navigator Company, RAIZ, and the Optical Center, Depart- ment of Physics, Department of Textile Science and Technology, and Department of Chemistry of the Universidade da Beira Interior. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References 1. Hollmark, H. Mechanical properties of tissue. In Handbook of Physical and Mechanical Testing of Paper and Paperboard ; Mark, R.E., Ed.; Dekker: New York, NY, USA, 1983; Volume 1. 2. Kimari, O. Chapter 3—Tissue. In Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 18—Paper and Board Grades ; Paulapuro, H., Ed.; Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association and TAPPI: Helsinki, Finland, 2000. 3. Das, R.; Pan, K.; Green, S.; Phani, A.S. Creped Tissue Paper: A Microarchitected Fibrous Network. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2021 , 23 , 2000777. [CrossRef] 4. Abbott, J.C.; Schnabel, K. Hygiene papers. In Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 17—Pulp and Paper Testing ; Chapter 11; Levlin, J.E., Söderhjelm, L., Eds.; Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association and TAPPI: Helsinki, Finland, 2000. 5. de Assis, T.; Reisinger, L.W.; Dasmohapatra, S.; Pawlak, J.J.; Jameel, H.; Pal, L.; Kavalew, D.; Gonzalez, R.W. Performance and sustainability vs. the shelf price of tissue paper Kitchen Towels. BioResources 2019 , 13 , 6868–6892. [CrossRef] 6. Statista. Tissue & Hygiene Paper—Worldwide. Available online: https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/tissue-hygiene- paper/worldwide (accessed on 18 November 2024). 7. de Assis, T.; Reisinger, L.W.; Pal, L.; Pawlak, J.J.; Jameel, H.; Gonzalez, R.W. Understanding the effect of machine technology and cellulosic fibers on tissue properties—A review. BioResources 2018 , 13 , 4593–4629. [CrossRef] 8. Morais, F.P.; Mendes, A.O.; Carta, A.M.M.S.; Fiadeiro, P.T.; Amaral, M.E.; Curto, J.M.R. Chapter 6—A 3D Fiber-Based Strategy for Optimization of Tissue Materials Using a Combination of Liquid Absorbency/Retention Methods. In Engineering Design Applications V. Advanced Structured Materials ; Öchsner, A., Altenbach, H., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2023; Volume 171. 9. Hollmark, B.H. The softness of household paper products and related products. In The Fundamental Properties of Paper Related to ItsUses ; Bolam, F.M., Ed.; Technical Division; The British Paper and Board Industry Federation: London, UK, 1976. 10. Rust, J.P.; Keadle, T.L.; Allen, D.B.; Shalev, I.; Barker, R.L. Tissue Softness Evaluation by Mechanical Stylus Scanning. Text. Res. J. 1994 , 64 , 163–168. [CrossRef] 11. Yokura, H.; Kohono, S.; Iwasaki, M. Objective Hand Measurement of Toilet Paper. J. Text. Eng. 2004 , 50 , 1–5. [CrossRef] 12. Lima, M.; da Silva, L.F.; Vasconcelos, R.; Carneiro, A. FRICTORQ, Mechatonic Design for the Objective Measurement of Friction in 2D Soft Surfaces. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Innovations, Recent Trends and Challenges in Mechatronics, Mechanical Engineering and New High-Tech Products Development MECAHITECH’09, Bucharest, Romania, 8–9 October 2009; pp. 144–153. 13. Furman, G.; De Roever, E.; Frette, G.; Gomez, S. Analysis of the surface softness of tissue paper using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Celul. Pap. 2010 , 26 , 30–38. 14. Rosen, B.-G.; Fall, A.; Rosen, S.; Farbrot, A.; Bergström, P. Topographic modelling of haptic properties of tissue products. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2014 , 483 , 012010. [CrossRef] 15. Rastogi, V.K.; Großmann, H.; Ray, A.K.; Greiffenberg, I. Dependence of Softness Perception on Tissue Physical Properties and Development of Neural Model for Predicting Softness. IPPTA Q. J. Indian Pulp Pap. Tech. Assoc. 2017 , 29 , 128–135. 16. Ko, Y.C.; Park, J.Y.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, H.J. Principles of Developing a Softness Evaluation Technology for Hygiene Paper. J. Korea TAPPI 2017 , 49 , 184–193. [CrossRef] 17. Spina, R.; Cavalcante, B. Characterizing materials and processes used on paper tissue converting lines. Mater. Today Commun. 2018 , 17 , 427–437. [CrossRef] 18. Gigac, J.; Fišerov á , M.; Stankovsk á ,M.;Op á len á , E. Correlation between subjective and objective assessment of hygienic paper products softness. Pap. Celul. 2018 , 73 , 52–56.

Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator