Materials 2022 , 15 , 4542
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Table8. Process residues used for panel with information on whether MOR and IB meet ( ) or not ( ) the standard requirements (fiberboard EN 622-3:2004; particleboard EN 312:2003).
IB (Nmm − 2 )
Resin Type SL; CL (%)
MOR (Nmm − 2 )
References
PanelType
Materials
Hazelnut husks (30%) Oil palm fruit husks Oil palm fruit husks Almond husks Almond husks Coconut Coir Coconut Coir Coconut Coir Coffee husks Coffee husks Coffee husks Hazelnut husks Hazelnut husks Hazelnut husks Macadamia husks Olive stone Peanut husks Peanut husks Soybean husks Soybean husks Sugar beet pulp (CL) Sugar beet pulp (CL) Corn stover Ricehusks Ricehusks
Fiberboard
ind. wood fibers
UF
8
13.9
0.22
[141]
-
PF
6
32.8
0.114
[142]
-
PF
10
27.2
0.24
[142]
Particleboard Almond husks
- -
-
-
14.01
0.90 0.27 0.36
[143]
UF UF UF UF UF
11; 9 7.41 11; 9 10.2 11; 7 15.1 11; 7 17.5
[61] [61]
ind. wood chips
-
0.40 *
[144] [144]
pine chips
0.32
Durian husks
12
36.8 11.9 14.1 13.1
0.3
[62] [33] [33] [33]
ind. wood chips MUPF 15
0.34
ind. wood chips ind. wood chips
pMDI
8
0.6
UF soy
15 10
0.41 0.8 * 0.39 0.482 0.505
- - - - - - -
16.5 *
[145] [146] [146] [146] [147] [148] [105] [105] [149] [149] [150] [63] [63]
MUF 10; 8 10.1
PF UF
10; 8
12
10; 8 11.9
PU 20 PU 20
4.3
1.33
15.56
-
-
UF UF UF UF UF UF UF
10; 8
9.9
0.316
pine chips
10; 8 11.32
0.35 0.04 0.07 0.23 0.40 0.51
-
8 8
4.69 6.74
Bamboo
-
10 10
11.02 20.84
ind. wood chips
-
10; 7 6.29
ind. wood chips
UF
10; 8 9.97
0.51
[150]
Sugarcane bagasse Sugarcane bagasse Sugarcane bagasse
-
-
-
6 *
0.01 *
[151]
-
pMDI
3
16
0.86
[152]
-
pMDI
8
40 *
1.8 *
[151]
Sugarcane bagasse (CL) Sugarcane bagasse (CL) Walnut husks Walnut husks Waste tea leaves
-
UF
10; 8 17 *
0.42 *
[107]
ind. wood chips
UF UF UF UF UF
10; 8 17.5 * 11; 9 5.86 11; 9 8.62
0.45 *
[107] [153] [153] [154]
-
0.24 0.34
ind. wood chips
-
8 8
37 * 35 *
0.16 * 0.22 *
Waste tea leaves ind. wood chips
[154] * derived from figure, CL (core layer), ind. (industrial), MUF (melamine urea-formaldehyde), MUPF (melamine urea phenol-formaldehyde), PF (phenol-formaldehyde), pMDI (polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate), PU (polyurethane), and SL (surface layer). In most cases, however, only some of the properties were examined in the various studies. Since IB and MOR were predominantly tested and are included in the standard and industry requirements for the application of panels in the dry interior, IB and MOR values are presented in the tables. In addition, it is highlighted whether they meet the minimum requirements of the European Norm (EN) 622–3: 2004 for fiberboard and EN
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