Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 4669
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The performance of the ICE is assessed by electrical ( η el ) , thermal ( η th ), and system ( η sys ) efficiencies, that are calculated according to Equations (8) to (10), respectively.
. N TURB
η el ( % )=
100,
(8)
v syng ·
LHV Syng · . . Q EX LHV Syng · .
η th ( % )=
100,
(9)
v syng ·
. Q EXCH +
. Q EX
. N TURB + LHV fed ·
η sys ( % )=
· 100,
(10)
. Q INPUT
. m fed +
where, Q EXCH represents the thermal power accessible during the cooling of syngas before entering the ICE system, . Q EX is the thermal power that can be recovered by cooling the turbine exhausts to usable temperature (80 ◦ C) [41], and . Q INPUT is the rate of power associated with RGibbs reactor including air preheating to complete the gasification process. . N TURB denotes the effective power obtained from the ICE, .
3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Input Parameters
Data related to the operation of the gasifier and the ICE are collected from the literature. The characteristics of the two different WP–DIS pellets (M1 and M2) used in the present research with LHV are illustrated in Table 2, whereas the operating conditions of air- gasification of M1 with corresponding syngas properties are shown in Tables 3 and 4. The gasification model is calibrated by applying the operating conditions and syngas composition mentioned in Tables 3 and 4 for the gasification of M1. Since data on the gasification of M2 is not available in the literature, the model is validated against the experimental results related to the gasification of bamboo chips [47]. Indeed, such biomass presents a composition, in terms of ultimate elemental analysis, similar to M1 as highlighted in Table 2. The operating conditions and syngas composition of bamboo chips gasification, used for model validation, are presented in Tables 3 and 4.
Table2. Composition of WP–DIS pellets (M1 and M2) and bamboo chips with LHV [11,47].
M1 d.b.
M2 d.b.
Bamboo Chip d.b.
Properties
Moisture content Volatile matter
3.2
2.9
7.14
75.2 11.7 13.1 55.6 0.35 0.07 1.56 7.6
71.4 10.2 18.4 50.9 0.39 0.08 1.55 6.9
80.06 18.33
Proximate analysis (wt.%)
Fixed carbon Ash content
1.61
C
44.83
5.96 0.35 0.15
H 2 N 2 Cl 2 O 2 S
Ultimate element alanalysis (wt.%)
-
21.72 24.84
21.78 22.42
47.1
LHV (MJ/kg)
18.32
d.b. = Dry Basis.
CHP generation through the ICE is simulated based on available literature data, presented in Table 5 [41,43,53].
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