Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 4669
9of 18
Table3. Operating parameters applied for the gasification of M1 and bamboo chips [11,47].
Operating Parameters, Units
M1
Bamboo Chips
Test conditions Temperature, ◦ C Pressure, bar Fed flow rate, kg/h Air flow rate, kg/h ER, (-)
-
I
II
III
IV
850 1.0 0.30
800 1.0
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
1.0
1.0
2.45
1.11
1.66
2.21
2.77
Table4. Syngas properties for gasification of M1 and bamboo chips [11,47].
Syngas Composition
M1 *
Bamboo Chips **
Test conditions
-
I
II
III
IV
CO
6.9 3.8 4.7 2.9 5.0 11.8
24.13 16.96 56.30
18.70 11.74 68.70
11.30
6.96 3.48
7.17
H 2
CO 2 CH 4 C 2 H 4
81.30
88.70
3.26
1.74
1.30
0.85
-
-
-
-
5.98
4.21
2.65
1.48
Syngas LHV , (MJ/Nm 3 )
* % vol. (Dry basis), ** % mol (Dry and N 2 free basis).
Table5. Operating conditions and performance parameters employed for ICE system simulation [41,43,53].
Operating Parameters, Units
Value
Temperature of the syngas entering the ICE, ◦ C Temperature of the air entering the compressor, ◦ C Stoichiometric air ratio used for syngas combustion, (-)
30.0 20.0 20.0 90.0 3.0
Pressure of the air exiting the compressor and entering the combustion chamber, bar
Isentropic compression and expansion coefficient, (%)
Pressure of the fume exiting the turbine, bar Temperature of the turbine exhausts, ◦ C
1.0
80.0
3.2. Gasification Model Development The limit of temperatures estimated to restrict the equilibrium of each gasification reaction together with the fraction of carbon that participates in the reactions to form syngas is illustrated in Table 6. Table6. Predicted limit of temperature to restrict the equilibrium of gasification reactions and fraction of carbon participating in the reactions.
Δ T Appr ( ◦ C)
Reaction ID.
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
− 311.83 − 62.62 − 520.73 238.51
43.94
108.24
Fraction of carbon that participates in gasification reactions (%)
77.98
The comparison between syngas composition and LHV predicted through the devel- oped model and the experimental outcomes available in the literature [11,47] is depicted in Figure 2 for the calibration step and in Figure 3 for the validation.
Made with FlippingBook - Online magazine maker