PAPER making! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® Volume 8, Number 2, 2022
Kutty, Azmatullah Noor, Abubakar Sadiq Isah, Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal, Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa, Abdullahi Kilaco Usman, Sule Abubakar, Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences , Vol.49(2), 2022). Paper and pulp industrial processes lead to the discharge of wastewater that contains high pollutants concentrations into the environment, which subsequently contaminate freshwater. Thus, it necessitates a sustainable treatment approach. This study focused on the start-up of the bench-scale activated sludge system fed with pulp and paper wastewater to verify the influence of HRT, wastewater concentration, and sugarcane bagasse on COD and ammonia removal efficiencies during the treatment process. An activated sludge process was operated at a flow rate of 5 L/day, while the reactor kept running at 72h, 48h, and 24h HRT, respectively. Wastewater concentrations were set at 1039, 3158, 5248mgCOD//L and 13.74, 40.37, 67.04mgNH4+-N/L corresponding to 10, 50 and 100% respectively. Findings revealed high removal efficiencies up to 98.11% and 92.67% for COD and ammonia, respectively. After treatment, effluent concentrations for both parameters have satisfactorily met the Standard "A" standard limits for industrial discharge at 48 hours HRT. Therefore, further testing is not required. The First order and Modified Stover-Kincannon models evaluated substrate removal rates. In the Modified Stover – Kincannon model, high correlation coefficients R 2 of 0.9999 and 0.9998 were obtained for COD and ammonia, respectively. Unfortunately, the activated sludge process in the bioreactor could not be described by the first-order kinetic model. The modified Stover-Kincannon model proved to best suit the experimental data. WOOD PANEL “Making Ultra -thin High Density Fiberboard Using Old Corrugated Container with Kraft Lignin”, Peng Luo, Chuanmin Yang & Tao Wang, BioResources , Vol.17(2), pp.2696-2704 (2022). Ultra-thin high-density fiberboards (HDFs), a newly developed variety of fiberboards, broaden and extend the applications of medium thick medium- and high-density fiberboards and are capable of replacing cardboards for most applications. Old corrugated container (OCC) is an important packaging solid waste. The mechanical strength of OCC deteriorates after repeated recycling processes. Application of OCC fibers for value-added ultra-thin HDFs can be of much interest. Because the OCC fibers have more surface area than the wood particles, the resin coverage per surface area of the OCC is much lower than wood particles during panel board formation. Therefore, the performance of the OCC fiber-based board is poor and the resin adhesive consumption is high. To overcome these problems, a novel method of using OCC to make ultrathin HDFs was developed and investigated. In this work, the OCC was shredded and pulped before making the ultra-thin HDFs. To protect consumers from exposure to harmful formaldehyde, kraft lignin was used as a binder. The target density and thickness of the ultra-thin HDFs were 1.0kg/m³ and 2mm respectively. The resulting ultra-thin HDFs were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties. Comparisons with the Chinese Standards for Wet-Process Fiberboards are presented. The results indicate that OCC could be a potential sustainable resource for ultra-thin HDFs production. “Utilisation possibilities of waste medium -density fiberboard: A material recycling process”, S.Thirugnanam, R. Srinivasan, Kshitij Anand, Abhishek Bhardwaj, G. Puthilibai, P. Madhu & A. Karthick, Materials Today Proceedings , Vol.59 Part 2, pp.1362-1366 (2022). Currently, most of the waste medium-density fiberboards (MDF) are incinerated or landfilled due to lacking of appropriate recycling methods. In this study MDF waste particles were undergoes via a thermal treatment through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor at various reaction temperatures of 350, 400, 450, 500 and 550°C at the heating rate of 20°C/min. The yields of the products were impacted by the pyrolysis temperature in this study. The maximum
Technical Abstracts
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