Energies 2021 , 14 , 1161
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( e ) ( f ) Figure 12. Projection of emission reduction and energy consumption according to three selected scenarios: ( a ) estimation of CO 2 emissions due to the application of dry sheet forming (DSF) up to the year 2050; ( b ) estimation of energy consumption due to application of dry sheet forming (DSF) up to the year 2050; ( c ) estimation of CO 2 emissions due to the application of condebelt drying (CD) up to the year 2050; ( d ) estimation of energy consumption due to application of condebelt drying (CD) up to the year 2050; ( e ) estimation of CO 2 emissions due to the application of direct electric heating (DEH) up to the year 2050; ( f ) estimation of energy consumption due to the application of direct electric heating (DEH) up to the year 2050.
6. Discussion The result of the BAU scenario indicates that without technological development and improvement of energy efficiency, CO 2 emissions of the Austrian P&P sector in 2050 will be 8.7%, and the energy consumption 10%, higher compared to the base year 2017. This is mainly due to the increase in paper production. According to the potential for reduction of CO 2 emissions in 2050, the result of other suggested scenarios can be divided into the following groups: • Low emission reduction (<5%): this group includes two technologies, SCW (steam cycle washing) technology for chemical pulp production with a maximum carbon reduction of 1.8%, and DSF (dry sheet forming) technology for small production segments of tissue paper with a reduction of emissions in the P&P sector of less than 3% and a decrease in total energy consumption of 2% compared to the BAU scenario. Although these technologies have a significant impact on the specific grade applied (DSF is able to reduce the emission of tissue paper production by 80% due to reduction of fuel consumption), their impact on the overall sector is minor. • Medium emission reduction (5–10%): this is the category of scenarios in which drying technologies are applied with a maximum carbon reduction of 10% compared to the BAU scenario. The promising technologies in this group are CD (Condebelt drying) with 10% emission reduction potential, ID (impulse drying) with 9.8% emission reduction potential, and GFD (gas-fired dryers) with 7.5% emission reduction potential. The first two options, CD and ID, represent greater heat savings (11%), but GFD would require a less radical change in the production line and a lower investment,
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