PAPER making! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Volume 6, Number 1, 2020
of the PBF1 – 9 were measured by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and particle charge density analyzer (PCD). The efficiencies of PBF1 – 9 were studied in the reactive blue (RB) dye removals by flocculation under different process conditions. The operation costs of the flocculants were evaluated at their optimal dosages. Also, the pH- independences and ion-tolerances of the aforementioned flocculants were studied in terms of the molecular levels. The experimental results exhibited that the flocculants CD or MW values were relevant to their flocculation behaviors and operation costs. CD values played a dominant role in color removal efficiencies and the costs, whereas MW values were critical to the floc structure. The pH or ion-independences of the flocculants were significantly dependent on the CD and MW values. However, some conclusions, conflicted with prior studies, were observed in this work. For instance, flocculant with the highest CD and MW levels was not the most effective one in enduring pH variation and the coexisting ions. The floc properties, including floc size, resistance and recovery ability, were relatively insensitive to flocculant intrinsic CD and MW levels when the flocculants were used at their optimal dosages. Furthermore, the possible relevance between CD or MW levels and the flocculation mechanisms have been proposed in this work. Exploring the effects of flocculants CD and MW levels could precisely control the flocculant characteristics to achieve satisfactory decontamination efficiencies with low costs. Chapter 23 - Integrated biorefinery concept for Indian paper and pulp industry, Megha Sailwal et al, Waste Biorefinery, Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation, 2020, pp.631-658 . The paper and pulp industry generates different waste from the processing of raw material to paper production. The characteristics of the waste vary with the process and can be categorized as liquid discharge, solid and gaseous. Among these the liquid discharge is the major concern as it possesses organic as well as toxic load. The existing treatment process doesn't focus on material recovery and hence the materials are lost with the waste stream. The integration of biochemical and thermochemical processes can aid in designing a paper and pulp waste biorefinery which will produce value-added chemicals, fuel, and energy. The concept of the biorefinery is based on the integration of the existing conversion processes to achieve material and energy recovery in the light of circular economy. WOOD PANEL Mold and Larvae Resistance of Wood-Based Composites Incorporating Sodium Fluoride, Cihat Tascioglu et al, BioResources, Vol.15(1). The efficacy of particleboards manufactured with sodium fluoride against mold fungi and Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) larvae was tested. Laboratory-size particleboards were manufactured from untreated wood particles with inclusion of fine sodium fluoride (NaF) at the 1, 1.5, and 3% levels relative to total particle weight. Sodium fluoride was introduced as powder during the manufacturing process just before blending resin with wood particles. The laboratory mold test indicated that even the lowest level of retention of NaF with or without leaching significantly reduced mold growth on particleboard surfaces when compared to the untreated control specimens. The increased retention of NaF from 1% to 3% further suppressed mold growth towards lowest levels even on leached specimens. The laboratory Hylotrupes bajulus larvae tests revealed that the particleboard environment with or without NaF is not appropriate for larvacidial activity. While the tested biocide, NaF, tested positive against mold growth on particleboard surfaces, no effect was determined relative to larval deaths.
Technical Abstracts
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