bioresources. com
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE
Data Quality and Simplification The LCA was built by GaBi 8.7 software (Thinkstep, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany) for the HWC wardrobe system to investigate the inventory data and perform the impact assessment. The data quality was high and reliable; it came from different evaluation sources with reliability and consistency based on ISO standards. Additionally, data from secondary literature was used when the key process emission data was not available. To avoid irregular conditions, the representative process data consisted of the average data taken from the specific field methods. The life cycle inventory for the HWC wardrobe is shown in Table 1. This study dealt with the lack of regional or local inventory databases. In these cases, valid assumptions and simplifications were made to integrate the available databases into the HWC wardrobe LCA. Therefore, it was important to consolidate the database inventories for reliable assessment and to introduce life cycle consciousness in the Chinese furniture industry (Teixeira et al. 2010). Table 1. Life Cycle Inventory of 100-kg HWC Wardrobe Input Amount Output Amount Raw Materials kg Product kg Green Chips (50% water content) 202.55 HWC Wardrobe 100 Solid Pine Timber 11.34 Ammonium Lignosulfonate 23.73 Emission to Air kg
Hydrogen Peroxide (Aqueous 50 wt. %)
14.92
Carbon Dioxide
16.19
Metals Plastic
19.71
Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Emission to Soil
0.07 0.49 0.02
5.94 0.63
polyvinyl Acetate Adhesive
Polyurethane Coating
10.32
kg
Paraffin Emulsion
0.81
Dust Waste Paints Waste
41.05
Energy
MJ
0.47 0.47
Electricity from Grid Energy from Biomass
392.5
Filterable Matter Emission to Water
57.2
kg
Transportation
ton·km
COD
0.11
Truck (4 ton to 5 ton) Truck (12 ton to 14 ton)
16.93 25.47
All of the inventory data for the foreground of the wooden composites were from primary sources. Annual data for China were collected from furniture companies that used the modern furniture techniques. The environmental emission sources for HWC wardrobe manufacturing were coating, cutting, drilling, and finishing. The field emission data were estimated based on the Chinese standard HJ/T 315-2006 (2006) in the HWC wardrobe manufacturing subsystem. For material transportation, the transportation methods and distances were identified for each raw material according to procurement by the furniture manufacturers. The average distance between the sites of the country for product export and the main raw materials was taken from Chinese references (Chen et al. 2015). Subsidiary processes included thermal energy consumption, electricity consumption, diesel
2744
Li et al . (2019 ). “Wardrobe case study in China,” B io R esources 14(2), 2740-2758.
Made with FlippingBook Digital Publishing Software