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Especially for FE and EP, the HWC life cycle was contaminated by hydrophobic organic contaminants, e.g. , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, during field operations. The raw materials supply stage was the second largest contributor, causing impacts of more than 30%, such as for EP (43.2%) and AC (38.3%). Damage to Resources The damage to R was divided into two sub-damage categories, which were fossil depletion (FD) and metal depletion (MD) (Table 3). Figure 5 shows that FD (0.305) had a higher impact than MD (0.001). The raw materials supply stage was the main contributor to MD (87.4%) and FD (42.4%). The energy consumption (35.2%) and transportation stages (21.3%) had the largest contributions to FD, as is shown in Fig. 5. Being a developing country, Chinese electric power comes from a mix of coal (77%), hydropower (18%), and other energy resources (5%) (Tong et al. 2013). Coal-based electricity generation plays an important role in national electricity production in China, which explained why electricity was the highest contributor in the damage to R (Hong et al. 2017). Comparative Environmental Performance of the Wardrobe with the LCA Figure 6 shows the comparative environmental performance for the HWC and conventional wardrobes. These results showed that the HWC wardrobe provided superior environmental performance compared with the conventional wardrobe of the same size. The results showed all of the inputs for the production process of the wardrobes, as well as the solid waste generation, energy consumption, and water consumption.
Fig. 6. Three main weighted damage categories for the conventional wardrobe and HWC wardrobe Alternatives Focused on the Primary Component in the Wardrobe Life Cycle The raw materials supply stage presented a great opportunity for environmental improvement, followed by the energy consumption and transportation stages. The categories CCH, FD, HT, and PMF combined had the largest contribution to the overall environmental impact for the production system (Fig. 5). Other sub-damage categories had negligible contributions to the key categories. Figure 7 presents the relative contributions of the four main sub-damage categories for each subsystem.
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Li et al . (2019 ). “Wardrobe case study in China,” B io R esources 14(2), 2740-2758.
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