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scenario proposed the use of 100% wood waste. Again, the greatest decrease in the potential impact occurred in the POF category (62.0%), followed by the HT (61.4%). In the case of the studied wood wardrobe, it was concluded that a more efficient use of wood waste as a raw material for the HWC in the wardrobe products can present environmental advantages by proposing a potential solution to overcome resource scarcity (Sommerhuber et al. 2017). For furniture manufacturing companies, a potential wood waste recycling- oriented business model could be developed (Daian and Ozarska 2009). Alternatives focused on modified conditions of lignosulfonate The equivalence between the two HWC in terms of strength and stiffness has already been established, where two treatments were performed on lignosulfonate to improve the mechanical behaviors of the HWC for the technical project requirements. Before HWC production, untreated lignosulfonate was purified and modified by Yuan et al. (2014) to increase the active groups in the lignosulfonate and improve the adhesion within the wood fibers. Various treatments have also been used by other researchers to improve the adhesion and analyze the effects of those treatments on the mechanical properties of the composites. However, these phases were not considered in the LCA. The four scenarios that are shown in Fig. 9 are outlined as follows: x Scenario 0: current model, HWC using purified and modified lignosulfonate, x Scenario 1: HWC using 20 wt.% unpurified lignosulfonate (based on AL consumption), x Scenario 2: HWC using 20 wt.% unmodified lignosulfonate (based on AL consumption), and x Scenario 3: HWC using 10 wt.% unpurified lignosulfonate and 10 wt.% unmodified lignosulfonate (based on AL consumption).
Fig. 9. Scenario analysis: weighted four main sub-damage categories In this case study, lignosulfonate was used as a binder for the HWC. Different modified conditions of the lignosulfonate caused remarkable changes (Fig. 9). The results for scenario 2 showed that the HWC using 20 wt% unmodified lignosulfonate resulted in the largest influence on the main contributor, except for the PMF. However, when the dose of unpurified lignosulfonate was reduced, most of the impact categories became less
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Li et al . (2019 ). “Wardrobe case study in China,” B io R esources 14(2), 2740-2758.
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