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little larger compared with that for the calcined limestone, which means that the calcined PLM after prolonged carbon- ation treatment can afford much more surface for the carbon- ation reaction. Thus, the value of k for PLM after prolonged carbonation treatment is larger than that of limestone. We can see from Figure 13A that the pores distributed in 10-30 nm for the calcined PLM after prolonged carbonation treatment are more than the calcined limestone, while the pores in 30- 100 nm are fewer. Thus, the average pore diameter for the cal- cined PLM after prolonged carbonation treatment is smaller, which means that the pores of the calcined PLM after pro- longed carbonation treatment are more easily to be blocked. Therefore, the t 0 for the calcined PLM after prolonged car- bonation treatment is shorter than that for the limestone. 4 | CONCLUSIONS Lime mud, a kind of industrial waste produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO 2 sorbent in calcium looping process in this research. The higher content of Cl in the LM leads to more serious sintering of the sorbent when calcined at high temperature. Therefore, the LM shows relatively lower CO 2 capture capacity compared with the limestone during the chemical reaction controlled stage. A prewash treatment pro- cess was proposed to decrease the Cl content in the LM and enhance the CO 2 capture capacity of the LM. The values of surface area and pore volume in 10-100 nm of the PLM are higher than those of the LM, which makes it easier for the diffusion of CO 2 in the sorbent to react with CaO. Therefore, the PLM shows faster carbonation rate and carbonation con- version in chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the LM. A prolonged carbonation treatment was proposed to further improve the microstructure of the PLM. Though the value of the surface area is decreased, the pore volume distributed in 10-100 nm for the PLM after prolonged car- bonation treatment is increased, leading to less CO 2 diffusion resistance and more efficient utilization of the surface area in the sorbent. After prewash treatment and the following pro- longed carbonation treatment, the LM shows similar carbon- ation performance compared with the limestone. It seems that the LM after prewash treatment and subsequent prolonged carbonation treatment can be effectively used as CO 2 sorbent in calcium looping process. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (51706094, 51661145011) are sincerely acknowledged.
ORCID Rongyue Sun
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-5016
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