PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 5, Number 1, 2019
Mango Kernel Starch Films as Affected by Starch Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanocrystals, Ana Priscila M. Silva et al, Carbohydrate Polymers , Vol.211. Mango seeds have been used to obtain components for nanocomposite films, namely, starch and starch nanocrystals (SNC) from seed kernels, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from seed shells. Starch-based films were prepared with different contents and combinations of SNC and CNC. The optimis ed conditions (1.5 wt% CNC and 8.5 wt% SNC on a starch ba sis) resulted in a film with enhanced strength, modulus, and barrier to water vapour when compared to the unfilled film, although the elongation has been impaired. Preparation of cellulose nanomaterials via cellulose oxalates, Jonatan Henschen et al, Carbohydrate Polymers , Vol.213. The current work describes the use of a bulk reaction between pulp and oxalic acid dihydrate to prepare cellulose oxalate followed by homogenisation to produce nanocellulose. The presented results illustrate that cellulose oxalates may be a low-cost method to prepare nanocellulose with properties reminiscent of those of both cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystals, which may open up new application areas for cellulose nanomaterials. Nanocellulose production from recycled paper mill sludge using ozonation pretreatment followed by recyclable maleic acid hydrolysis, Roi Peretz et al, Carbohydrate Polymers , online. Nanocellulose (NC) has garnered much interest worldwide due to its physical and chemical properties. Nanocellulose is produced from biomass materials by bleaching pretreatment, followed by acid hydrolysis. This work demonstrated the production of NC from recycled paper sludge (RPS), a crystalline cellulose rich waste, by ozonation pretreatment, followed by maleic acid hydrolysis. These results demonstrate that ozonation can be used as an effective pretreatment for NC production. NOVEL PRODUCTS Development of microporous cellulose-based smart xerogel reversible sensor via freeze drying for naked-eye detection of ammonia gas, Tawfik A. Khattab et al, Carbohydrate Polymers , Vol.210. Microporous cellulose xerogel can be defined as low density biomaterial that can be employed for a variety of promising applications of different fields. The characteristics of xerogel are a consequence of their microstructure. An easy- to-use and reversible solid-state colorimetric sensor for ammonia gas was developed by embedding a bromocresol purple (BCP) pH-sensory chromophore into the environmental friendly carboxymethyl cellulose as bio-based polymer (CMC) matrix. The vapochromic xerogel provided an instant colour alteration signal from yellow to purple when exposed to ammonia gas or an ammonium hydroxide aqueous environment as monitored by the absorption maxima, colour coordinates and colour strength. Stimuli-responsive cellulose paper materials, Zhijian Li et al, Carbohydrate Polymers , Vol.210. Cellulose paper can be functionalised, such as modified with stimuli- responsive polymers, small molecules or inorganic particles, papers may be sensitive to external stimuli from environments and consequently find applications in wide ranges including protein separation, controlled drug release, switchable surfaces, sensoring devices and smart substrates with various colours, etc. However, there are no reviews summarising the progress of such exciting research field. Here in this mini review, we discuss the advantages of cellulose paper as stimuli-responsive substrate and summarise the fabrication techniques, properties and applications of various stimuli-responsive papers reported to date which are triggered by temperature, pH, humidity, ions, light, magnetic field, solvent gas and biomolecules.
Technical Abstracts
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