Citation: Kumar R, Kumar R, Chauhan A, Kumar M, Goyal MK, et al. (2015) Characterization and Isolation of Fungi for Removal of Color from Pulp DQG3DSHU0LOO(IÀXHQW0HHUXW ,QGLD -(QYLURQ$QDO7R[LFRO GRL 10.4172/2161-0525.1000324
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Days 0 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day
Strains
pH
Color (C.U.)
Lignin (ppm)
5.96 6.17 6.20 6.29 6.28 6.32 6.45 6.18 6.80 6.81 6.81 6.83 6.20 6.93 6.72 6.90 6.90 6.90 6.89 6.09 6.92 6.80 6.94 6.90 6.90 6.92 6.14 6.93 6.86 7.03 6.97 6.94 6.95 6.20 6.98 6.90 6.94 6.90 6.94 6.78 6.15 6.93 6.90
27806.63 15893.03 11611.58 14701.67 6271.17 10941.44 11537.12 12505.10 4223.52 12393.41 13286.93 2659.86 9787.31 9452.24 11983.88 3869.83 12132.80 12802.94 2492.32 10606.37 8298.11 10941.44 4202.81 12616.79 11537.12 3309.29 9415.01 9340.55 11946.65 9005.48 11648.81 9638.39 5133.56 10680.83 8558.72 12207.26 21589.22
75060.73 51983.81 54939.27 57489.88 33157.89 49190.28 44736.84 53765.18 33562.75 49190.28 57975.71 28076.92 42550.61 44412.96 52672.06 31133.60 44210.53 53036.44 25668.02 44858.30 41012.15 47004.05 35991.90 46032.39 50080.97 25991.90 35587.04 40323.89 43562.75 37287.45 45101.21 48623.48 31376.52 42145.75 37570.85 45101.21 55344.13 50364.37 46761.13 37732.79 45546.56 41781.38
1 5 7
F1 F2 F3
AF3
1 5 7
F1 F2 F3
AF3
1 5 7
F1 F2 F3
AF3
1 5 7
Figure 5: The morphology of AF3.
F1 F2 F3
day, third day, fifth day, seventh day and tenth day. The results are given in the Table 3. Confirmatory experiment and enzymatic study It was found that fungal strain 1 and F1 were most efficient in decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent. AF3 was kept as a reference. The experiment was repeated with three fungal strains 1, F1 and AF3. Further, enzyme assay was done to check the presence of enzymes lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase . The results are given in Table 3. From Table 4, it is clear that 1 and F1 are quite efficient in decolourising pulp and paper mill effluent as compared to AF3. Among 1 and F1, F1 more efficient than 1. Lignin peroxidase was found in 1 and F1 but absent in AF3 and manganese peroxidase was absent in all three strains [8-13] (Table 5). Where, changes in pH, Color (C.U.), Lignin (ppm), Lignin peroxidase and Manganese peroxidase by 1, F1 and AF3 fungal strains at different time intervals in Pulp and Paper mill effluent; ND: Not Detectable. Discussion Fungal strains have been shown to be efficient in the decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent. Some of the popular fungi used are Phanerachaete chrysosporium , Trametes versocolor , Aspregillus sp., Cariolus cersicolor etc. All the fungal isolates were capable of decolourizing the pulp and paper mill effluent. However, the efficiency of decolourisation varied from fungi to fungi. Among all, F1 strain was most efficient in decolourisation and least effective was strain 7. Figure 4 shows the percentage decrease in the color content of the pulp and paper mill effluent by different fungal isolates. The relative efficiency of decolourization all the fungal strains is F1>1>F3>F2>AF3>5>7.
AF3
1 5 7
F1 F2 F3
AF3
10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day
1 5 7
15334
8968.25 9750.08 16451.48 8744.87
F1 F2 F3
The efficiency to remove lignin from the effluent was also observed in all the strains. Among all the strains F1 was most efficient in removing lignin and 7 were least effective. Figure 4 shows the percentage decrease in the lignin content of the pulp and paper mill effluent by different fungal isolates. The trend for lignin removal among different strains is F1>1>F3>F2>AF3>5>7. The trend for lignin removal is similar to decolonization probably because the most important color causing compound in the pulp and paper mill effluent is lignin. Hence the removal of lignin is translated into color reduction of the effluent. The decolorizing capacity of different fungi is maximum in the beginning of the experiment, increase till 2 nd 10 Day 56599.19 Table 4: Changes in pH, Color (C.U.) and Lignin content (ppm) by different fungal VWUDLQVDWGLIIHUHQWWLPHLQWHUYDOVLQ3XOSDQG3DSHUPLOOHIÀXHQW AF3 20286.17
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