Citation: Kumar R, Kumar R, Chauhan A, Kumar M, Goyal MK, et al. (2015) Characterization and Isolation of Fungi for Removal of Color from Pulp DQG3DSHU0LOO(IÀXHQW0HHUXW ,QGLD -(QYLURQ$QDO7R[LFRO GRL 10.4172/2161-0525.1000324
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Days Strains pH Color (C.U.) Lignin (ppm)
Lip MnP ND ND ND ND
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 hour 6 hours 6 hours
6.93 24493.16 7.10 10308.53
65587.04 45789.47
1
F1 7.10 8521.48
42550.61 0.012 ND
6 hours AF3 7.09 11015.90
46518.22
ND ND
1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 3 Day 3 Day 3 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 7 Day 7 Day 7 Day
1
7.22 5096.33
36720.65 0.043 ND 37004.05 0.075 ND
F1 7.26 4575.11 AF3 7.25 7590.74
41578.95
ND ND
1
7.80 4537.88
28218.62 0.054 ND 32348.18 0.091 ND
F1 7.84 3756.05 AF3 7.90 6213.23
39797.57
ND ND
1
8.26 4351.73
30161.94 -------- 27854.25 --------
------- ------- -------
0
1
2
3
5
7
10
Days
F1 8.39 3793.28 AF3 8.25 4575.11
1 AF3 Figure 6: Changes in color at different time intervals by different fungal strains LQSXOSDQGSDSHUPLOOHIÀXHQW 5 7 F1 F2 F3
32105.26
-------
1
8.32 5692.01
33117.41 0.018 ND
F1 8.46 4575.11 AF3 8.48 8186.42
28380.57 38016.19
0.01
ND
ND ND
1
8.67 6920.60
35222.67 --------
-------- -------- --------
F1 8.76 7292.90 AF3 8.56 14180.45
33360.32
-------
49190.28 --------
10 Day 10 Day
1
8.68 7516.28
35870.45 0.012 ND 31700.40 0.007 ND
F1 8.76 6585.53
10 Day AF3 8.63 10718.06
42348.18 48056.68 39635.63 47246.9
ND ND ND ND ND ND
15 Day 15 Day
1
8.70 13361.39
F1 8.87 10122.38
day and then becomes almost constant till 5 th day. After 5 th day there is decrease in the efficiency. This may be due to the death and decay of the fungal mycelium. From these screening experiments two most efficient fungal strains F1 and 1 were selected for further experiments and AF3 was also used [8-13]. The experiment was repeated with F1, 1 and AF3. Results for the decolourisation and lignin reduction were same as above (Figure 4). F1 was most effective followed by 1 and finally AF3. Enzyme assay was done for lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase . F1 and 1 produced lignin peroxidase . AF3 did not produce any of the enzymes. Maganese peroxidase was absent in all three. Maximum enzyme activity was observed on 2 nd day of the experiment then it declined sharply till 5 th day and finally become almost negligible (Figure 4). This shows that the lignin peroxidase plays an important role in the decolourization of effluent as the maximum reduction was found on 2 nd day of experiment. In AF3, physical adsorption / absorption seems to play the major role. Physical adsorption/absorption also takes place with F1 and 1 as the fungal mycelium became colored at the end of the experiment [8-13] (Figures 6-10). Conclusions The use of biological agent for the treatment of effluent is more environmental friendly and can lead to the production of more value added products like biogas, compost etc. Fungus has been shown to be efficient in the decolonization of the pulp and paper mill effluent. Among all the fungal isolates tested F1 is most efficient in decolorizing the pulp and paper mill effluent followed by 1. Both the strains performed better than AF3, a strain previously isolated. The maximum decolourization was on the 2 nd day though the process of decolourization started within the 6 hours. Lignin peroxidase also seems to play an important role in 15 Day AF3 8.74 12914.63 ND ND Table 5: &KDQJHVDWGLIIHUHQWWLPHLQWHUYDOVLQ3XOSDQG3DSHUPLOOHIÀXHQW
Figure 7: Changes in lignin content at different time intervals by different IXQJDOVWUDLQVLQSXOSDQGSDSHUPLOOHIÀXHQW
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.25 1
2
3
5
7 10 15
Days
the decolourization of the pulp and paper mill effluent as it is produced by both F1 and 1. Maganese peroxidase was absent in the case of all three fungi that is 1, F1 and AF3. The quick response shown by two fungi 1 and F1 in the treatment of the effluent will reduces the retention time for the treatment which on applied on the industrial scale makes AF3 Figure 8: Changes in color at different time intervals by 1, F1 and AF3 fungal VWUDLQVLQSXOSDQGSDSHUPLOOHIÀXHQW 1 F1
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