PAPERmaking! Vol4 Nr1 2018

2/9 Copyright: ©2018 Mukherjee et al.

Present Status and Development of Algal Pulp for Hand-Made Paper Making Technology: A Review

at hme a dz ienmg asni gdh ft o. Ar rpoaupnedr 1h9a8d0 o, tuht ep aI nc eddi a tnh ge o svue pr np ml y esnot rme ua lci hs e tdh taht aat pp ae pr ec ra pf ai tma iinne Iwn da isaf ei sa rveedr yi nl ot wh e (f1u.t4u kr eg.)I ct so tmr upea rpeadp teor 2c o8n5skugmipnt ti ohne Ui nScAr e. aBsui nt gt haet teecnot ni oonm, yt hi se pI rnodsi pa ne r ipnagp. eWr si t ha rme anr ko ewt i nagp pr er ec ec ii av ti ne dg ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”–Š‡‘”Ž†Ǥ˜‡”–Š‡Žƒ•–ϐ‹˜‡›‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡‡š’‘”–‘ˆ †‹ƒ hS yadnndemy,aTdeel Ap va pive rasn dt oToAkmyos thearsd asmt e,a dBielyr lri ni s,e nB.rTu hs seetl si m, eN ei swr i pYoe rtko, st eecahr cnho l ot hgey ri na wt h me aI nt edri iaanl s s uf obrc odne tvienleonptm. Te nh ut so fI nhdai na nd mh aa dn ed - pp aa pp ee rr making has great possibilities. Algae as Raw Materials for Paper e a s Uy ba ivqaui liat ob ui l si t yd iasst rni ab tuut ri oa lnr ea snodu rf ac se ts ag nr odwptohs soi fb ial il tgya eo f mh aarrvke st ht ieni gr ao lrl yr ee as or ur or cuen di mc uptosrdt oowr nt rt ha ne scpoos trst i [n1v6o]l .v eAdn iont hf aerrmi ml a pn odrct ua lnt ti vpa toiionnt tcoa s ce os nosfi dl iegrn i ins ctohnet el ni gt ni inn adl geaper i(vi anttieornt i di na l ar el gda ea ,l gaalet hCoaul lgi ha r tshormo ne cphuel pi l opsrpoodrui oc itdi oens ) f rhoamv ew ob oe edn a sd ob caus mi c emn taetde r i [a1l 7i ]s. dCoonnev et hn rt iooungahl mh i ge hc hyaineilcda lo f opru l pc h(e9m0i%c a)l b pu tr ol caer gs se. a Mm eocuhnatnoi cf ael n emr geyt hiosdw agsi vt eeds tl iog nmi ne)c hwahnei cr ae lal sy irne mc hoevme i cl iaglnmi ne tf rhoomd , wy i oe lodd o(f2p0u- 3l p5 %i s loofww(o5o0d%i)s. Rf oirc ewsotor adwp, uol pa tb/ ustutghaerscea na les or ehsai dvue e1: 2b-a1g9a%s s lei gi ns iuns. e d a s s u b s t i t u t e o n lHi gennicner, ef omr odveavl .eEl ox pp ml o ei tna tt ioofn poaf pwe er l pl bu ol pn, dme do satl geanl epr ug lyp i cs awn aysi teel dd ’ƒ’‡”–Šƒ–”‡“—‹”‡•‘ƒ”–‹ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ–”‡ƒ–‡–•ˆ‘”Ž‹‰‹”‡‘˜ƒŽǤ – wG ealsi dcilua mi m[e1d8 t] h( ac to mp appaerre pd rtoodwu oc toi od np uf rlopm) t ar ekde ss es ha owr teeerdtsi ma leg,al eo wl i ke er cooking temperature and minimum chemical usage. Compared –‘ ™‘‘† ϐ‹„”‡•ǡ ƒŽ‰ƒŽ ϐ‹„”‡• ƒ”‡ ϐ‹‡”ǡ ‘”‡ —‹ˆ‘” ‹ Ž‡‰–Šǡ smoother, also have absorbent properties and may not require ϐ‹ŽŽ‡”•ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†ˆ”‘Žƒ„• ƒŽ‡•–—†‹‡•—†‡”–ƒ‡„›”‘ˆ” PE ha ratnhg SSci ieewn cMe so, i ,Mdai rl ae yc tsoi ar , ot fhtohueguhnni voelrasri gt ye ’ ss cI na lset ist tuut ed iOe fs OhcaevaenbAe ne nd dmounceh. Iffe wr t ei l iczoe nr sai ds ecro hr ne :mupp, ittoi s1 a2 0h ilgbhs nNi t rpoegr eanc rc er owp hr ee rqeuai sr i na lgg aa es Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ϐ‹šƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ‹–”‘‰‡ƒ†–”ƒ•ˆ‡”–Š‡–‘ planAtlsg.ae cellulose is different from terrestrial plant cellulose. Ce ne zl lyuml oesse eixnt r pu ldainntgs riisb bpornosd uocf e cde l lbuyl o sr eo s es ttrt ea sn dos f i ns ycnrtyhsetsailzl ii nn ge gwrhoeurpesa se xacllguadei ncge lwl ualtoesre [ 1h9a ]s. Tmhaen yr i bt bi mo ne ss hmaov ree l essusr fsaucref a ac ree aa r et oa volume thus making a very different product. Plant cellulose has •’‡ ‹ϐ‹ •—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆͳ•“—ƒ”‡‡–‡”’‡”‰”ƒ™Š‹Ž‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ area of cellulose from algae Cladophora sp . [20] can be up to 100 times larger because the cellulose is extruded as single strands ȏʹͳȐǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ˆ”‘•‘‡‰‡‡”ƒ‘ˆϐ‹Žƒ‡–‘—• ge xr ehei bni ta pl graeep oe nx hd iebriat npc ae r ot ifc uI -laalrpl yh ah; i cgehl l du el ogsree ea so fo pc rpyossteadl l i tnoi t Iy- baent da cc eo lml upl oa sr ei s, o nm at ok i cnegl l ut hl oesme dme roi vr ee d t hf reormm owdoy on da ym iocra lpl yl a nr te abcitoi vmea si sn.

Amnaodteh ef rr oums algi ceh oe fn aRl goacee l il na tpi anpc teorr icaa n[ 2b2e] ftohua nt di s i na lsi yt mmubsi ops iasp eorf fungus (mycobiont) with algae (phycobiont). Cellulose or algae ϐϐ Ž‹ ‘„ —‡ ”” • ˆ ‹”‘ ‘ •Ž –ƒ”†—‘ ’– ‹Š‘‘” ƒ ƒƒ –Ž ‰‡ ƒ” ‹‡ƒ Ž Š• ƒȏ˜ʹ‡͵ ǡ „ʹ ‡Ͷ‡Ȑ Ǥ  —ƒ ™• ‡ † ƒƒ –•‡ ”” ‹‡ƒ‹ Ž ‡ˆ ‘˜ ”ƒ Ž —‡ ƒ – ‡‹ ‘–  wI nos rt ikt uct oe n(dKuNc tHe Pd I )b, yI nt dh iea Ki nu m2 a0r1a3p-p1a4 Nuas teido nBa al gHa as sned m( Saadcec hpaar pu emr ‘ˆϐ‹ ‹ƒ”—ȌȏʹͷȐǡ‘ ‘—–’ƒŽȋ‘ ‘•— ‹ˆ‡”ƒȌȏʹ͸Ȑǡ —–‡ ( Corchorous sp ǤȌȏʹ͹Ȑǡ —›ƒ‰•ǡƒŒ”ƒȋ‡‹•‡–—‰Žƒ— —Ȍ ȏʹͺȐǡƒ† —ƒ”’Žƒ–ϐ‹„‡”ȋ›ƒ‘’•‹•–‡–”ƒ‰‘‘Ž‘„ƒȌȏʹͻȐǤƒ™ material evaluation for 2014-15 was successfully completed for ‘™ †—‰ǡ Š‘” ȋ—’Š‘”„‹ƒ ”‘›Ž‡ƒƒȌ ϐ‹„‡” ȏ͵ͲȐ ƒ† —•–ƒ”† ( Brassica sp .) [31], shell waste but could not be completed for Tbaunrmanear(ic plant (Curcuma longa) [32] and rayon grade pulp from Musa sp .) [33] Fiber due to non availability of raw material [[ 33 64 ]] ,. NC yopr de ri auhs ehta al pl . a[n3 5a ]n ud sCe ydpaeqr uu as t ri co tpul na nd tuss l i[ k3e7 ]C, ySpcei rrpu us sd gi gr iot sa st uu ss [o3f 8p]e, ramn di s sTi yb pl eh sat raennggutsht iaf on ldi aq[u3a9l i]t yf o. Tr hper oi dd euac ionfguhs ianngd aml gaadee aps arpaewr mpaapteerrimalahkainsgnuont iytse.t been explored yet by the Indian handmade b e sAi dl geas eb ihoapvl aes tcioc smaen du pf u ransi tau rveabl uuai lbdlien gr ai nwt hme aUtSe rainadl Jfaopr apna. pFoe rr da lessoi ghnaevres aJ ar oc ol eb i nD oo uu re nhioams easn ads El itghhatni nFg rai enrd, Sf upri nr ui tlui nr ae , [p4r0o]d ua cl gi na ge ˆ‘‘†ǡˆ—‡ŽǡŠ‡ƒ–ƒ†Ž‹‰Š–Ǥ‡•‹‰‡”• ‘ƒ•†˜ƒ”†ƒ†‹‘ŽƒŒ SF tueceunsf a[ t4t1 h] as ve ea wueseedd aan dn epwa pme ra tt oe r ci ar el amt ea da ec hf raoi rma nDda na i sc ho l lbercot iwo nn ot of pgeon. dTahnet l caomnpt isn. uTohuuss , laulmg abee ar isnag roa fw f omraetset rs i atlo h ma veeeat ltohneg ewvaeyr it nh cr reeaat st ion og unreeendvs i roof nt hmee pn at ,ppear r itnl yd cuos nt rtyr i ibsupt ionsgi nt go ag nl o ibnatlewr naartmi oi nn ag l. Tt oh uc os ,n ss wi diet rc hf otro t nh oe np- awpoeor di nmd autset rr iya. l Tl hi kues aallggaaee iisn apna pu er rg erne ts ei sa sr uc he ’‘•‡Žƒ”‰‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”’”‘Œ‡ –•ǡ–‡•–•ƒ†—‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǧ‹†—•–”› co-oUpseinrgatiaolgnase. as paper pulp has certain extra advantages. For exam I. p A le n : alga is fast growing and annual crops could be utilized ƒ—•‹‰‘†ƒƒ‰‡–‘–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰ϐŽ‘”ƒ–Š—••ƒ˜‹‰ƒŽƒ”‰‡ II. S p to i a n r r c t e e o d a f u l p g c e e a r e t e h h n e a n v i c e a a l g r b r b e i o o a n m t r d a o i s l o s e x . s i di ne claervbeol sn os ef qaut me sot rsapthi oe nr e, i. t Wh ehl epns pwai pt he ra lmg aaek ianrge ipsi gt mh ee na ts paencdt wt oa tf eorc ur se mo no v, at hl : eb tl eo aucghhi npgo ai nntds drying; production and energy costs related to pilot or large •ƒ ƒ†Ž ‡ ’ƒ””‘†‡ —–  ˜ –ƒ‹Ž‘—‡Ǥ ȋ™ƒ Š’ ‹‡ ”Š  Šƒƒ†˜‡‡ˆ ” ‘‘–  „ ’‡—‡”‡ ƒ– ‡Ž ‰• ƒ– ‡‡† ϐȌ‹ „ǡ  ”ϐ ‹‡ •ƒ—ˆ ˆ ‡‹ ” ‰•  fsrt or emn gptohos r [ 4b 2u ]r.s tTi hn ug ss, t mr einx gi nt hg , ot ef aarl ignagl ps turlepn gwt iht ha no dt h feorl drianwg ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• Ž‹‡ •‘ˆ–™‘‘† ϐ‹„‡”• ‡‡†• –‘ „‡ ‡š’Ž‘‹–‡† –‘ . g e e n n t t pp ar opteerc st ihoonu. lOdnbeeoaf zt oh -ef rme ea ians raezqoudi ryeems ceonnt st ai si nd cyaeruc isne odgf eonr iccoal omui rni ensg. par T a h m e i e m t I e n p r d r s i o a v s n e e t h p a a fo n p r d e t m r h p a b r d y o e p d p e e a r v t p i e e e l s r o p ( in c in o d g m u s p c t o a ry r u a n i b s t l r e n ie o t s o w f K o f r a r a c f i e t n n p g v a i s p r t o e r n i r n ) m

Citation: —Š‡”Œ‡‡ǡ‡•Š”‹ ȋʹͲͳͺȌ”‡•‡––ƒ–—•ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆŽ‰ƒŽ—Ž’ˆ‘” ƒ†Ǧƒ†‡ƒ’‡”ƒ‹‰‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǣ‡˜‹‡™Ǥ†˜Žƒ–• Agric Res 8(1): 00284. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2018.08.00284

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