PAPERmaking! Vol4 Nr1 2018

4/9 Copyright: ©2018 Mukherjee et al.

Present Status and Development of Algal Pulp for Hand-Made Paper Making Technology: A Review

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s e c Co nr odsss plri inokretro (sApmr aZyri nC ga robn) t wh ea sw ae dt pd ae pd etros ht he ee t as gbaerf osroel uptrieosns i 3n 0g ȏͺͲȐǤ‘›ϐŽ‘—”™ƒ•”‡ƒ –‡†–‘ȋ‹‡–Š›Ž‡‡–”‹ƒ‹‡’‡–ƒƒ ‡–‹  ad ceivde)l oapn da snoedwi u cml a shsy poof pdhroys ps ht ri et en, g ct ho ma pd ldeixt ei vde sw[i 8t h1 ] c. hFiot or s ma na nt oy yb euat ar sd, i etnhee l pa trei nx )c i pb luet bn iant du er ar l hbai ns dbe er se nc osnysnt ti thuettei c o xl ai dt ei sxe d( s pt yorteant oe sa tgaarrc hd iof fre Dr se fxrtor mi n . gGeel al ot si ne , ps rt ea pr cahr eadn df r og mu ma l fgraoemd eb seiignngaitne sdoal us balgea irn- cc oa rl db owna, t5e.r7 a%n dhgyrderaotgeer ng ea lnadt i n5 1i z. i4n %g pooxwy eg re. nG tehl oa st es wc oenl ltsa iunps i4n2c. 7o %l d ™ƒ–‡”ƒ††‹••‘Ž˜‡• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›‹„‘‹Ž‹‰™ƒ–‡”–‘ˆ‘”ƒŒ‡ŽŽ› 5c o0o0l itni mg . eAsdtvhaen wt aegieg ho tf Go fe lwo as et eirs ttoh at ht ei t ai mmpoaurntts oaf bgoedl oysaenaddgdleods ,s ot no f[a8b2r]i.cs without stiffening them – a defect with starch and dextrin 9% Gelatin besides soy protein, zein, pectin and Salix lignin ™‹–Š ‘”•‡”ƒ†‹•Š’‡”‘š‹†ƒ•‡’”‘˜‹†‡†•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”–‡ƒ” sg t)r e[ 8n 3g t] h. C(o>r9n0 0s t ag r) c thh ai sn aclos mo ma egrocoi adl ob pi nt di oenr sb uu st emd ai yn rCePd u( >c e= 7i 0n 0k ab bi ospolrapsttiioc nr e sc ea apracchi t(yP aot ef npt -aUpSe r5 2a8n8d3 1h8aAs ) . bCeoewn d du on cgu, nmeewnst pe da p ei nr ™ƒ•–‡ƒ†™Š‡ƒ–ϐŽ‘—”Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘„‡‡•Š‘™–‘ƒ –ƒ•ƒ–—”ƒŽ bc oi nmdbeirnsa t[i8o4n] . r aTthi ouss r pe mo sasiinbsi l itthye omf aiimn parroevai soi fn gc hvaal lreino gues iandpdai tpi veer quality and design. Hand-Made Paper Technology: Process Development a C l a t r e T t r a h n ” e a r t - e i v w e a a r t s e o a a w t f o y e o p w d e r o p e f u p l p o p a r p t i s n e r o p n p a r p o t e h d r e u m c u e s a d e n u i o n fa f c t g h tu r e e r e e E n . u “ r a S o l h p g i e a r a e o n a A L s l g IF a a E n e ’”‘Œ‡ ––‘”‡‘˜‡ƒŽ‰ƒŽ Ž‘‰‰‹‰‘ˆƒ‹ ‡–‹ƒŽƒ‰‘‘ǡ†ƒ–‹‰ back to the early 90s. The manufacturing process of Shiro Alga  ƒ ƒ † ”–  ƒ  ‹ ‹ • Ž  Ž ’ ‡ ƒ † –  ‡ ‹   – ƒ ‡  † ’  ƒ „ ’ › ‡  ” ƒ  ˜‹ ‹  ŽŽ ‹  Ǥ –  ‘ Š ‘ ‡ „ ” – ƒ ƒ ™ ‹ ƒ • Ž ‡ ‰ ƒ ƒ ™ ‡™ ‡‡ ‡ † ”  ‡ ϐ  Ž ϐ ‘ ‹” — • ” – Ǥ ™ Š ƒ ‡ •  Š ϐ ‡ Ž‘ † — ǡ ” †  ” ™ ‹‡ ƒ † •  ™ ‹‹ –šŠ‡†™ ™ƒ – ‹‡– ”Š ƒ –  ͳͲ Ͳ͑ȋ ‘” ˆ‡‘•”–  –™– ‡‘™ Šƒ‘”—†”••Š ”‹ ’‡ •—‘Ž –—‹  ‰ ‹ ‹Ž Ȍ   ϐƒ‹ „„”‘‡‹•Ž ‹ ƒ ‰ †Œ ‡ Ž Ž‘›‘ –Š‡ƒ†–  •‡–•‹–‘ƒ–Š‹ϐ‹ŽǤ e a x n t d r I t a w c h o t a e o s d d f b p r e o u e m lp n t w h re e e p r s e o e m r a t e w ix d e e e d t d h a , a n s t d u t c m h h e a a d s a e l t g h i i n e n t i g o c i r a a a n c d t i i d k o e c o lp o f n ( p a e o b p ly r a o s p a w e c r n c ( h a P a l a g r p a id e e e r ) aAnndo tPhue lrp mTee ct hh on di c pTri mo deusc, eFde bcreul al ur lyo, s1e9 6a 8c e, tbayt e Yousshi ni og Kaoc be taiyc a sahc ii )d. b( Jaacpt ae nr ieas ea sPaa t seonut r Pc er oovfi spi ounl pa,l cPounbt al iicnaitni og ns uNbos.t a2n1t 2i a2l l9y5 n/ 1o 9l8i g6n ionr. 61-212295). Rhizoclonium sp . [85] was shown to be a good source oe vf apl aupa et er dp ua nl pd i lna rTgaei ws ca anl e[ 4p2r ]o bc eust snwo acso al ol sr oo nr ootpdt ioc na el pt or odpeet retrymwi na es ea ct ofno or m3i0c– f1e2a0s i bmi liint y.g aCvoeo khi inggh parl eg -abl epaut el pn ypiuellpd sw(i7t h0 - 28 00 %% ) N. Ta Oh iHs cwoaoskhi ni ggh .pTr oh ceer ses i swaanso tshuel rp hn uo rn--f wr eoeo, db pu ut l pt hpe r owdaut ce tri orne qmuei rt he mo de ni nt wa l gh ai ceh, ept cu.l, ps ui sc hp ar os dSupci reodg fyrroam[ 7a] l, gCahea ei nt oc lpuhdoi nr ag [g8r6e]e, nU, l or et hd r, iyxe[l8l o7w] , CP ou rbal il cl iantei o[n8 8N]o, .T3r 8i b9o0n1e/m1 a9 7[ 89 9o] r, e5t4c -. 3( 8J a9p0a1n)e. sPea pP ea rt efnr ot mP r or hv ii zs iooi nd aa ll ϐ‹Žƒ‡–•‘ˆ”‡†ƒŽ‰ƒ‡ ‡Ž‹†‹—ƒƒ•‹‹ƒ† ‡Ž‹†‹— ‘”‡— were reported by Seo et al. 2010a [90].

d L l aI nbds ioar bi se nv et si nt ebda wb yi t dh i at hpee rms oc os qmupi taor epdr ot ob lcehme mt hi caat l caabussoersb he un nt sd[r7e3d]s. oEfn cdeepaht hasl i tei as .c hN ya et uarr,a li nmf eoc tsiqnugi tpoe or pe pl ee lwl eint ht s t hl iek ed eNa idslhyi nMdaal a(rVi ai t eoxr n ( egundo) extract, Lemon- Eucalyptus globulus [74] oil, Citronella Cymbopogon sp .) [75] Oil, oil of Lavender ( Lavandula sp .) [76] OA pr pNl ee ecmi d e( Ar zvai nd ei rgaacrh at an di n cdai cma p) h[ 7o r7 ]c, aGna br lei ca (dAdl el idu mt o st ahtei vaul mg a)l [p7u8l p] , pc ar ri odrs . tAo dcdoi ot ikoinn go f psraowc eds us sfto tro mt haen up fualcpt uc raen ohfe lapn itni - mp roosdquuci tt ioo nf a os tf tkheiecpkinegggo-ucat rtthoenmliokseqfuasittoceasr.ds that will burn for a long time, thus r e pNe lol ednot u ibnt dsuuscthr yh adnude- mt ao d et heefifro r et sc ow- fi rl li ehni tdtl hy e aI nn dd i asna fme ons aqtuui rt oe choa mr mp atrheed rteos pt hi rea st omr oy ksey es tveoml v ei dn fhr uo mm acnhse mc aiuc sailnrge pber lel ae tnht lse, sws nh ei cshs ae nn dh annacues pe aa pi ne rmqaunayl i tcya. sAe gs .aLl iitset so ro fTvaal cr i(oSui lsi caadt de i ot ifv Me saagrnee ks inao) wg inv et os ’ƒ’‡”ƒ‰”‡ƒ•›‘”•‘ƒ’›ˆ‡‡Žƒ†‡ƒ„Ž‡•‹––‘–ƒ‡ƒŠ‹‰Šϐ‹‹•ŠǤ Ac uKrDr e(nAt ll yk yul skeedt ebnyepda ipme er rm) aonr uAf aS cAt u( Ar el kr sy la Ss usci zc ii nn gi c aAg ne nh yt sd ar il dt heo) uagrhe „‹‡–‹ ƒ ‹†”‘•‹ƒ†•‘†‹—ƒ„‹‡–ƒ–‡ȋ”‘•‹•‘ƒ’Ȍ‹ ‘Œ— –‹‘ with Alum (sulphate of alumina) are also used as sizing agents. ‘ ”Š ‘ —Š‰ƒŠŽ  ƒ ƒŽ ‰ƒ†Ž  ’—‘Ž Ž’‘ ‹ƒ– ›‡  ‘ƒ– › ” ‡„“‡— ‹—”•‡‡ ϐ†‹ Ž Žƒ‡•” •ϐ‹ ‘Ž Ž”‡ ” •‘ ƒƒ–‹ † ‰ ǡ  Ž ‰‹ ƒ ‡‹  • –ƒ‘ ‹ †‡  (Tsi ot adni ui umm a dl gi ionxai dt ee) ifso ra lcsooa tui ns eg da ni nd tshuer f pa ca ep et rr e iant dmuesnt rt y, i fa sr ecqouai tr iendg. a( Cg ae lncti utmo si nu cl pr eh aa st ee aonphaycdi trya t ea )n di s bu rsiegdh tanse spsa poefr pl oaapdeirn. gAml a abtaesrtiearl ai nn db uAillbdai nr ign em( antaetrui ar al sl sl ui kl pe hga yt ep souf ml i mbeo/agrydps s. uTmh/e p laapspt el irc)a ti si ouns eodf caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) in pulping is to increase the pH ‹ϐ‹„”‡’—Ž’–Šƒ– ƒ—•‡•–Š‡ϐ‹„”‡•–‘•‘‘–Š‡ƒ†•™‡ŽŽ–Šƒ– is important for the grinding/beating process. When handmade ’ƒ’‡”‹•–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‘ˆ ‘ ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹ ’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ǡ the target is to minimise chemical treatment. Ž‰ƒŽ ϐ‹„”‡• •‘ƒ‡† ‹ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ”‡ •‘‘–Š‡” ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ sBwl eealcl ihni gn ge f wf e icttht houz os nnee groa tt ihaet irntghtahne cpoonsvs ei bnitl ii ot yn ao lf ac hl kl oa lrii nt ree adtimo xei nd te. r( 9e d2 u- 9c 3e s%c oI Ss Ot s) ;b yr e2d5u-c3t0i o%n wi ni t Ch OhDi g hl ol ya di mt op rwo vaesdt ebwrai gt ehrt nter se sa tl me veenl st pG ll aonb ta bl yI n4c0. ,%NcYo, mU SpAa r) .e dC et or tCa Pi na nd dr yi ma np dr owv eedi gphut l ps tsrterne gntght hasd(dXi yt il ve ems mc aar yb obxeyemx peet hr iyml ceenltl eudl ows ei tahn. dG uc aa tri oGnuimc sbt ae ri nc hg aa rneabt ue trtael rpoopl yt imo ne rs oa sr dC rayt i os nt ri ec nsgt at hr c ahdgdei tt si viet ss pc oo smi tpi vaer ecdh at rog ep of rl yoamc rqyul aamt eirdnea rdye rsiavlat st i vl iekse. Eq uP iTt Ae Cc o( s2t-l3y. eRpeosxeya rtcrhi mheatsh yol paemn emdo an i unme wc hs il do er i doef s p) ot shsaitb iilsi t ya l st oo ra es pwl aect es ct roesnt lgyt chhaedmd ii ct iavl es sl i wk ei tMh eolna emoi nf et hoer mE po iscthal ob ruonhdyadnrti np rkontoe wi nns isno lnuat itounr es : wwehreea tpgr el uptaerne d[ 7 9b y] . Ah de adti itni ogn aogfa2r - 4p %o wbdye rw ieni g dh et ioofnai sgeadr hs ooltuwt i oa nt etruar nt s9 c0l-e9a5rº) C, huans ds ehro wr i ng ot rooiunsc rme aesceh wa neitc satl rsetni rgrtihn og f tpi lal pt he re. - s f r d ]. l y t h e r a i

Citation: —Š‡”Œ‡‡ǡ‡•Š”‹ ȋʹͲͳͺȌ”‡•‡––ƒ–—•ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆŽ‰ƒŽ—Ž’ˆ‘” ƒ†Ǧƒ†‡ƒ’‡”ƒ‹‰‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǣ‡˜‹‡™Ǥ†˜Žƒ–• Agric Res 8(1): 00284. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2018.08.00284

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