PAPERmaking! Vol4 Nr1 2018

6/9 Copyright: ©2018 Mukherjee et al.

Present Status and Development of Algal Pulp for Hand-Made Paper Making Technology: A Review

(g7a 0v e%ahtaerndswi l eo oi nddpeuxl po fw1i7t h. 33N0 .%mO/ gC Ca n- do lrdi ncgo rcrruugsaht eodf 0c o. 4n6t aKi nNe/rms ). —Ž’Ǧ•Š‡‡–• ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ʹͲΨ”‡†ƒŽ‰ƒ‡ϐ‹„‡”•™‹–ŠͶͲΨ™Š‡ƒ– sc tr ruaswh oa nf d3 . 74 80 %K Nb/l emn da en dd Kt eennsai fl e( Hi ni db ei sxc uo sf 4c 5a n. 9n Na b. imn u/ gs ) t hg aa vt ef uar trhi ne gr increased to 73.6 N.m/g on addition of 80% corn Stover with 20% ”‡†ƒŽ‰ƒ‡ϐ‹„‡”•Ǥ††‹–‹˜‡•‘ˆͲǤʹΨƒ””ƒ‰‡‡ƒ•ȋ•—Žˆƒ–‡†‰—•Ȍ fi no ud ne xd ibnyr e1d3a. 5l g3a%e , taonpdu lpprsehcei epti st awt eedr e csahl coiwu mn t oc ai nr bc or enaastee t e( Pn Cs iCl e) r( he taerndtwi oono di n ckrreaaf st epdubl py ) 5 a7n. 0d6 %C l a[ d1 o0 p3 h] . oHr aa nadl gsahl e ceet sl l uc ol onstea i snhi no gwCe Pd ablumt oismt pn rooivme pd r odvi me me ne ns itoinnatle ns tsai lbei lsittrye nagntdh acnodmfpoal dr ai nt igv ee nl yd uhri ag nh ceer Ys toruenngg’tsh ma nodd uf ol ul dsi nagl t ehno du ug hr a nbcaec taesr iwa le lcl e[l1l u0l4o]s. eO inmt ph reoovtehde rt ef rnosni lte, Cn ml a dcor py shtoarl al i nc ee l ll eunl ogst eh haansda1v1e. 3r ynhmi gchr dy setgarlel ien oe fwc ri dy tsht a) l tl ihnai tt yi m( 1p1a8r t. 7s ‹ƒ” ‡‡ ”ƒ– ‘‡• •  †– ‘” › ‹Š‡‰ ™‹ ‹ƒ– ŽŠ ”‘‡—ƒ–  – ƒ‹ ‘›• ǡ Š‘ƒ” ‹‹ –ϐ ‹ƒ ‹ ƒ–•‹ ‘ƒ Š ‹ ‘‰ ”Š  •ƒ’‰‡‰ Ž ‹‘ϐ ‹ ‡•”—ƒ”–ˆ‹ƒ‘ ‡ǡ  c( Ea uu sc ianl ygp tauns pi mu l pp r) ohvaevdi n rge dc ri syps tearlsl ii bn iel i twy i ditnh oc fo mo nplayr i3s.o6n n mt o a Cn Pd cGreyl si dt ai ul lmi n ee lwe gi da nt hs ohfa voen layl s3o7 bneme n[ 1s h0o5w- 1n0 7t o] . cRoendt aai nl g anea nboi oc eml lauslso soef ϐ‹„‡”•‘ˆŠ‹‰Š ”›•–ƒŽŽ‹‹–›‹†‡šȋ͹͵ΨȌ•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ‘ ‘’‘•‹–‡ matMeraicahlsm[u1d08e]t.al. [109], showed tensile properties of the sheets made of Gracilaria sp . such as tensile elongation, ultimate strength and absorbed energy were even better than those of both the ”‡ › Ž‡†ƒ†‘ˆϐ‹ ‡ ‘’›’ƒ’‡”•Š‡‡–•ƒ†‡ˆ”‘ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ wood pulp. Elongation % of pulpsheets from Gracilaria sp . was 10% and Eucheuma cottonii was 12.5% compared to only 3-4% ˆ‘”ȋͶ‘ˆϐ‹ ‡’ƒ’‡”ȌǤŽ–‹ƒ–‡–‡•‹Ž‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ’—Ž’•Š‡‡–• from Gracilaria sp . was 10 Kgf/cm2 and Eucheuma cottonii was 49 Kengef/rcgmy a2bcsoomrpptaiorendfotro 18 Kgf/cm2 for CP (recycled A4). Further, Gracilaria sp . pulpsheets was 2 Kgf.cm and 5 Kgf.cm for Eucheuma cottonii sheets compared to only 1 Kgf.cm ˆ‘”ȋͶȌǤŠ‡Š‡ŽŽ‹ Ž—Žƒ”‹ ”‘ϐ‹„”‹ŽŽƒ”ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–‹ Chara sp c o.mhpaas raa tliovwe l yn ei nt carnegalsee do f voarliueenst aot fi olno nwghi tiuc hd i wn aals ecloa rs rt iecl astteidf f nweistsh, l1o1n2g]i,tbuudti nwailt he l da si mt i ci nmi sohdeudl vuas l, uaensdosf tpaenrdcaerndt at ge ne ssitlree st ct rheanngdt ht e[ n1 s1i0l e- ec enlel ur gl oys ae bws oa sr p0t. i8o0n a[ n1 d1 3C, l1a1d4o]p. hCor ryas tpaul llipn iwt ya si n0d. 9i c2e sa so cf oCmh apraar epdu tl po 0 . 8 9( 2f0o r%CoPf (NsaoOf tHwtoroeda tpeudl spa)m[ 1p1l e5s] .o f Rhizoclonium and Pithophora hr aandg et eonfs1i l5e 0s%t r e, 2n 5g t0h%s , , baunrds t1 6s t5r e%n ggtrhesa taenr dt htaena rh asnt rde ns hget he st s imn at hd ee from the base pulp alone [116]. Tissue papers made from 10- ͵ȋ •Ͳ’Ψ‡  ƒ‹ ϐŽ‹‰ ƒ ‡ƒ „ϐ ‹•„‘‡””’•– ‹™‘ ‹ –Šε  ͳ Ͳ Š ƒ‰˜Ȁ‡‰ Ȍ•‹ ‰™‹ ‹–ϐŠ‹  ƒƒ ‰–  ‡‹ ‘ ” ‡‡ ƒ– ”•‹‡ † ™‡‡ƒ– •– –”‡‡  •‰‹–Ž Š‡  swt ri de tnhg t [h1b1e7t]w. eMe na z6u0r 0, -2 40 51 05 0 [g1r1a 8m] ,s (pf roor pc eo)s pe de r f3u inngcahl e smoyf cseal mi a p ol ef S( aasp rc oo lme gpnairae df e rt oa x5 w2 8oNu l fdo hr aavset aa nn dualrt di mcaotpeyt epna spiel er, srtorue gnhg ltyh 1o/f 1401tNh the tensile strength of standard weight (60g/m2) copy paper). ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›’—Ž’•Š‡‡–•ˆ”‘‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆϐ‹„‡”•ˆ”‘ Ulva sp . gternesaitlley aenndhabnucresdt ptreoapr erretsieissta[1n1ce9]a. nd elongation, but diminished

‘ ˆ  ͹ͲΨŠ ƒ ƒ ‡†† ͺ ͸‡Ψ ŠȌ ƒ™‡‹ ”ƒ‡Ž ’ˆ ‘”—‘’†‡ ”™– ‹ ‡Š•‡ ȋϐŽ ͷ‡ š͸—Ψ” ƒ ƒŽ  Žƒ‰ƒ†‡– ϐ‡‹„ •‡‹”Ž ‡™ ƒ‘• †——•Ž‡—†•  foof r p ot hr eo s ci toymwpar se s1s1i o%n - dmuoel dt eo dl alcakmoi nf ac toems pcroems spi oo ns i ti en sboumt ev oolfu tmh ee ϐ‹„‡”•ȏͳʹͲȐǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š•‘‡’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ƒ›„‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡†™‹–Š algal pulp in some cases, it should be noted that they are still ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ›ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†—•‹‰ƒŽ‰ƒ‡ϐ‹„‡”•‹’Ž‹‡• nreoatgoerniotus,sansadveinqgusipimnetnetr.ms of costs of raw materials, energy, Conclusion w i l lT mh ee euts et hoef nael ge ades aosf ea nn vai rl toenr mn aetni vt ei sssouuersc el i koef dp ea fpoerre sptraot di ounc tai no nd gc ol ot bt oanl wr aagrsm, wi nags. tIen dp iaapne rh aa nn dd mwaadset ep Ka pr ae frt Iansd ruaswt r ympa rt iemr i aa rl si l. yS uo sme es •–‡’•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•–”ƒ™•ǡŒ—–‡ǡ”‹ ‡ hr auws k ma na tde gr iraal ss s lei sk et haol ug ga he fnueret dh etro r be see ua rncdhe frot ar ki ne nc o. rApl tohr oa tui gnhg os ot hme er wa l go ar ke ohna st hae l loanbg s cwaal ey ht oa sgboe ienn pdrooncee si ns Jaanpda nq ua anldi t yU Sd, epvaepl oe pr mf r eo nmt ft oh rr icvoemd mw ee rl lc iaanl idz af ot iuonnd. Tt hh ee i mr wa rakye ti nvtaol ut eh eo fa hr ta nc rda- fmt sa idned pu as pt reyr ahnads furniture industry. Use of algae hand-made paper are making way ‹–‘‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”›ϐ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‘”‡•‡‡•–‘ ‘‡ in fFuoturreex. ample, the recent use of thin hand-made paper from Ch al avdeo pb he eo nr a f oa ul gnade taos sctoonr de u 5c t0i -n2g0 0p o%l y mme or r ceo ac ht i anrggse i nt h abna t toetrhi ee sr ct oo nt hd eu cctoi nmgmpeorl yc ima le rl i tbhai ut tme r ibeas t tt he raite ms . aVya lgui ev ea ad dt oe du gphr oc od mu cpt es tfi rt ioomn ao lfglai vee al ilhsooohdogl de nme ruacthi o pn rfor mo mi s et hien egceonneorma tiicn pg oai lnt te ronf avtiievwe . sCoaurrbcoens dioxide sequestration, removal and productive utilization of ˆ‘—Ž‹‰ „‹‘ƒ•• ˆ”‘ ’ƒ††› ϐ‹‡Ž†• ƒ† ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹ ‘‡ gmeankeer aatdi odni t itoo ntahl ei nr up ruat l ipne bo ipol -er ea mr eecdei ra tt ai ni ng oe tnhvei rr oans mp eecnt ts bt hy adt imr eacyt or indirect means. Acknowledgement TecThhneoloaugytho(DrsSTa)r,e NgerwateDfuellhtoi, tIhnediDa efpoarrttmheengtraonf tScoifenWceomanand  ‹‡–‹•–• Š‡‡–‘”‹›ƒŽ‹—Š‡”Œ‡‡ǤŠ‡ƒ—–Š‘”•ƒŽ•‘ aBcukrnd owwa lne df ogre pt rhoev Di dei pn ag rat dmeeqnut aot ef Bl ai bo taenc dh nl iobl roagryy, Tf ahc ei l iUt yn inveecres si tsya royf for documentation of this study. This study was funded by the ƒ ™‘ƒ” †ƒ ‡†  – ‹‘‡ –”‹ • –  ‹ › ƒ Ž”‹ ‘ Œ ‡ — – ‰Š”‡ƒ”Œ ‡– ǣ‡ ǡ  „ › ȀŠ‹ ‡• Š ƒ Ȁ‡ ’ ‘ƒ ” – Ǧ ‡  –Ȁ ‘Ͳ ˆ͸ ͳ Ȁ ‹ʹ‡Ͳͳ ͵‡  and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India. Conflict of Interest Š‡—–Š‘”•†‡ Žƒ”‡–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡‘ ‘ϐŽ‹ –‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ References 1.  Š‡ˆϐŽ‡” ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ†‡”™ƒ–‡” ƒ„‹–ƒ–•ǡ ŽŽ—‹ͻȋͶȌǣͳǦͻǤ 2 . Ge lueicrtyr o nMi Dc , pGuubi lriyc a tGi oMn , ( 2N0a0t i8o)n aLl y nUgnbiyvae, r sAi tl yg a eo f B aI rseel. a nWd o, r lGda- lwwi adye, Ireland.

Citation: —Š‡”Œ‡‡ǡ‡•Š”‹ ȋʹͲͳͺȌ”‡•‡––ƒ–—•ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆŽ‰ƒŽ—Ž’ˆ‘” ƒ†Ǧƒ†‡ƒ’‡”ƒ‹‰‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǣ‡˜‹‡™Ǥ†˜Žƒ–• Agric Res 8(1): 00284. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2018.08.00284

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