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PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE
CONCLUSIONS 1. Novel DDGS-PW composites were fabricated containing 25 to 75% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS): 75 to 25% paulownia wood (PW) through a phase- change process whereby the DDGS flour powder reacts with PW particles under high pressure and temperature to become a “liquid - gel” matrix to interfacially bond to the PW. Upon slow cooling, the DDGS liquid-gel transforms back into a solid to create panel boards exhibiting relatively high flexural properties. 2. FTIR analysis failed to show esterification; similarly, thermal analysis using DSC and TGA suggested that plasticization of DDGS occurs around 117 °C. XRD analysis failed to show evidence of crystallization, suggesting the DDGS and PW interaction is associated with the generation of a composite in which the binding material is amorphous in nature. 3. Pressure, temperature, PW particle size, and DDGS dosages were found to be important factors in the fabrication of DDSG-PW composite panels in terms of its flexural properties. 4. DDGS-PW composite panels were found to have similar flexural properties when compared to PRO-PW panels. 5. DDGS-PW composite panels exhibited similar water resistance properties as PRO- PW panels. 6. DDGS-PW composite panels were found to be comparable or superior to flexural properties required by Industry Standards (EN 312:2003). However, DDGS-PW composite panels were often found to be inferior in terms of water resistance ( LH thickness swelling) compared to Industry Standards. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge Nicholas Montesdeoca and Dr. Louis Reifschneider for technical assistance. Mention of a trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. REFERENCES CITED Adhesives.org. (2017). “Scienc e of adhesion – What is bonding? ,” (http://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/science-of-adhesion), Accessed 01 November 2017. Alibaba.com. (2016). “Bulk crop commodity prices,” (http://www.alibaba.com/), Accessed 01 July 2017. Amaral-Labat, G. A., Pizzi, A., Goncalves, A. R., Celzard, A., Rigolet, S., and Rocha, G. J. M. (2008). “Environment -friendly soy flour- based resins without formaldehyde,” -$SSO3RO\P6FL 108(1), 624-632. DOI: 10.1002/app.27692
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Tisserat et al . (2018). “DDGS - PW fiberboards” B io R esources 13(2), 2678-2701.
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