Article Angle of the Perforation Line to Optimize Partitioning Efficiency on Toilet Papers Joana Costa Vieira 1, * ,Andr é Costa Vieira 2 , Marcelo L. Ribeiro 3 , Paulo T. Fiadeiro 1 and Ana Paula Costa 1
1 Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu ê s D’ Á vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh ã , Portugal 2 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu ê sD’ Á vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh ã , Portugal 3 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, University of S ã o Paulo, Av. Jo ã o Dagnone, 1100-Jardim Santa Angelina, S ã o Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil * Correspondence: joana.costa.vieira@ubi.pt Abstract: Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers’ requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0 ◦ (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56 ◦ . For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67 ◦ . In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency.
Keywords: FE model; optimization; perforation efficiency; perforation line angle; tissue toilet paper
Citation: Vieira, J.C.; Vieira, A.C.; Ribeiro, M.L.; Fiadeiro, P.T.; Costa, A.P. Angle of the Perforation Line to Optimize Partitioning Efficiency on Toilet Papers. Eng 2023 , 4 , 80–91. https://doi.org/10.3390/ eng4010005
1. Introduction At the present time, there is a need for products that result in the use of less disposable material by environmentally conscious consumers. In the tissue paper converting industrial process, this has encouraged manufacturers to produce products with the ability to be partitioned [1]. In the production of finished tissue paper products, such as facial papers, paper towels and toilet papers, transversal perforation lines are used to facilitate the separation of the roll into individual “sheets” or services needed by the consumer. This feature of perforation allows the consumer to conveniently dispense a certain amount of the product according to their convenience [2]. Perforation takes place in the tissue paper converting machine when the sheet of paper passes through a nip between a stationary anvil and the perforator blades. These blades are usually mounted on a rotating cylinder and have alternately spaced teeth and notches. Both the anvil and the perforator are skewed in the machine direction (MD) to decrease the impact of the blade against the anvil by reducing vibration and keeping the cut line perpendicular to the MD of the tissue paper sheet. It is important that the perforator blades produce the desired cut in the finished product, so that consumer acceptance is as intended. The quality of the product cannot be affected by this operation due to poor distribution or the type of perforations. On the other hand, there has to be a balance between the number of cuts, the dimension of the cuts, the number of
Academic Editor: Antonio Gil Bravo
Received: 23 November 2022 Revised: 19 December 2022 Accepted: 20 December 2022 Published: 1 January 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
Eng 2023 , 4 , 80–91. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4010005
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/eng
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