PAPER making! g! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® Volume 9, Number 3, 2023
of CTAB, SDS, Teepol-610s, Triton-X, and Tween-80 as the surface modifiers in a semi- batch foam-bed reactor (FBR) to synthesize ultrafine or submicron PCC particles with enhanced hydrophobicity. Nano/ultrafine PPC particles with and without surfactant were also synthesized in a semi-batch stirrer reactor (SR) using CaCl 2 solutions made from MARWAS and NH 4 HCO 3 as the carbonating agent by single or simultaneous application of ultrasonication (US) and surfactant, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and drop shape analyzer. In the presence of SDS in the FBR, distinct and smaller hydrophobic (water contact angle of 103.3°) vaterite particles (426 nm) could be produced using CaCl 2 solution than those with the Ca(OH) 2 slurry. However, in the SR, methanol was found to be more effective than the aqueous solvent in synthesizing needle- like aragonite nanoparticles (215.6 nm with L/D = 8.55) from CaCl 2 solution without any use of US or surfactant. Handmade papers were manufactured using ground MARWAS powder, modified and unmodified PCC. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of these filler-loaded papers were determined. The use of surface-modified and unmodified PCC was superior to the commercial PCC in increasing filler retention, burst strength, tear strength, brightness, and opacity of the paper hand sheets. Even the direct use of MARWAS powder was found to be more effective than GCC in enhancing the optical properties, although a slight decrease in the mechanical strength was observed. MOULDED PULP From agricultural cellulosic waste to food delivery packaging: A mini-review, Jinxing Ma, Jiazhou He, Xiangtong Kong, Junjian Zheng, Lanfang Han, Yi Liu, Zhenchang Zhu & Zhong Zhang, Chinese Chemical Letters , Vol. 34(2), 107407 (Feb. 2023). The growing food delivery service market has boosted the consumption of packaging materials, and this trend is projected to continue in the following years. The gap between industrial supply and consumer demand from a sustainable viewpoint leads to a need for agricultural cellulosic waste-based materials that bring the idea of trash-to- treasure to fruition. In this paper, we review up-to-date advancements surrounding the food delivery packaging that are derived from agricultural cellulosic waste. Two scenarios in which agricultural feedstock is used as a host or guest material are summarized, and sketch on the individual processing routine is depicted. We further evaluate how the chemical compositions and processing parameters influence the properties of the final products. Current challenges and gaps in developing sustainable packaging materials are identified, with perspectives on these important issues highlighting the importance of process innovation as well as economic and environmental-impact assessment for agricultural cellulosic waste to food delivery packaging. NANO-SCIENCE Enhancing Strength Properties of Recycled Paper with TEMPO-oxidized Nanocellulose, Eti Indarti, Khairul Hafizuddin Abdul Rahman, Mazlan Ibrahim & Wan Rosli Wan Daud, BioResources , Vol. 18(1), 1508-1524 (2023). Recycled fibers used in the manufacturing of paper and board are associated with strength deficiencies. This study investigated the use of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFBTEMPO) for reinforcing papers made from such fibers. Strength properties of tensile and tear were enhanced with the addition of OPEFB-TEMPO, with strong correlations, as indicated by the R² values. The reinforcement capability was supported by the scattering coefficient-percent relationship. The only drawback of the nanocellulose addition is that it reduces pulp drainability, which can be minimized by adding drainage aids. Because only a relatively small amount is required, OPEFB-TEMPO has the potential to be used as paper strengthening agent, particularly in the production of low grammage papers.
Technical Abstracts
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