Eng 2023 , 4
89
Figure9. ( a ) Stress field MD; ( b ) stress field in CD; ( c ) shear stress; ( d ) rupture.
Figure 10. Stress field for the optimum orientation: ( a ) in fiber direction MD; ( b ) normal to fiber direction CD; ( c ) shear stress; ( d ) rupture for half of the model.
( a )
( b )
Figure 11. ( a ) Fiber direction stress field in MD for cuts at 45 ◦ ; ( b ) rupture starting in the lower edge running to the center. 5. Conclusions In general, the results of the FE model simulation analysis support the idea that the value of perforation efficiency tends to decrease with an increasing perforation line angle, in agreement with the experimental results. A reduction in the tear force for the toilet paper was pursued using a genetic algorithm considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the angle of the cuts
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