Nanomaterials 2023 , 13 , 1931
9of 19
After nine homogenization passes these CMNFs were more homogeneous with a diameter range between 15 and 70 nm.
Figure4. Optical micrographs (OM) at 5 × magnification of the CMNF suspensions.
Figure5. TEM micrographs at 1000 × magnification of the CMNF suspensions. 3.2. Paper Properties 3.2.1. Air Permeability
The main property affected by the presence of NC was the reduction in air permeability, providing products with a good barrier capacity that is beneficial for applications in the packaging industry, especially for food packaging [94]. As it can be seen in Figure 6, in which CMNFs produced with PS2 homogenization sequence are used, the increase in fibrillated cellulose dosage significantly decreases air permeability by up to 68%, from 2.084 ± 75 mL/min to 670 ± 52 mL/min, with the addition of 4.5% of refined CMNFs in non-hot-pressed papers (NHP). The synergy effect on air permeability further increases after hot-pressing (HP) up to 50%, from 418 ± 32 mL/min to 211 ± 30 mL/min. This can be explained because at high temperatures, the fiber structure
Made with FlippingBook flipbook maker