PAPERmaking! Vol9 Nr3 2023

Nanomaterials 2023 , 13 , 1931

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Figure9. Influence of fibrillated nanocellulose on tensile index.

Figure10. Influence of 1.5% of fibrillated cellulose on tensile index at different fibrillation degrees.

Figure11. Influence of CMNFs on SCT.

As expected, results show that without hot-pressing, papers do not have wet strength. However, after application of hot-pressing technology, all papers, independently of the dosage and type of fibrillated cellulose, retain more than 20% of their wet tensile strength (See Figure 12). A paper is considered to have good wet strength properties when it retains more than the 15% of its dry tensile strength after being immersed in water [99]. The lower water uptake can be explained by a combination of factors: 1. The presence of fibrillated cellulose reduces the voids between fibers in the sheet becoming smaller or closed, providing more fiber-network bonding capacity [100]. The lignin content of CTMP could act acting to protect these fiber-fiber bonds at a high temperature.

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