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PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE
The surface quality of wood and wood-based materials depends on the parameters associated with material properties ( i.e ., wood species, anatomical properties, moisture content, density), machining parameters ( i.e ., spindle speed, cutting force, feed rate, axial depth of cut), and cutting tool properties ( i.e ., tool wear, diameter, tool geometry) (Coelho et al . 2008; Magos 2008). In the milling of gypsum fiber composite, the effect of the processing parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on the cutting force has been optimized by RSM based on a mathematical model ( Li et al . 2017). General standards and recommendations have been used due to the lack of a standardized method for determining the surface roughness of wood, medium density fiberboard (MDF), or particleboards. This has led to the use of a wide range of measuring instruments and parameters such as filters, filtering cut-off length, measuring length, and measuring resolution (Gurau and Irle 2017). Previous studies on the surface roughness of wood material have focused on evaluating the effect of material properties such as wood species (Malkoçoğlu and Özdemir 2006), radial and tangential machining direction (Kılıç 2015, 2017), wood density, early wood and latewood ratio (Sadoh and Nakata 1987; Malkoçoğlu 2007; Zhong et al . 2013), and fiber direction (Mitchell and Lemaster 2002; Iskra and Tanaka 2005; Sütcü 2013). Moreover, the effects of computer numerical control (CNC) machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth on the surface quality of wood have been monitored (Sütçü and Karagöz 2013; Koc et al . 2017; Sofuoglu 2017). CNC machines are widely used in the furniture industry for wood and MDF panels, especially for surface milling. MDF panels must have smooth surfaces for painting and finishing. The effects of machining parameters such as spindle speed, cutting speed, and feed rate on the surface quality of MDF machined with CNC have been investigated in many studies. Aguilera et al . (2000) reported that surface roughness of CNC machined MDF decreased with increasing material density. Davim et al . (2009) investigated the effect of processing parameters on surface roughness of MDF, which was grooved 5 mm depth of cut with CNC router, and stated that the surface roughness values decreased at high spindle speed and low feed rate. In another study, Gisip et al . (2009) indicted that the surface quality of MDF machined with the tool wear was decreased. Deus et al . (2015) also revealed that the surface roughness decreased with low depth of cut, high spindle speed, and low feed rate. Sütçü and Karagöz (2012) investigated the effect of machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, stepover, and depth of cut on surface roughness of MDF pocket milling with CNC. They found that surface roughness value increased with increasing feed rate, stepover, and depth of cut and that material removal rate increased with high spindle speed at optimum surface roughness. In another study, the surface roughness of MDF panels has been shown to play an important role in the thin overlay applications such as thin melamine paper or polyvinyl chloride and other decorative overlays on the MDF surface (Aguilera 2000 ; Hiziroglu and Kosonkorn 2006; Kılıç et al . 2009). At the same time, Li et al. (2018) investigated the surface color change of wood materials machined with a laser machine and found that the color change on the wood surfaces decreased with the increasing of feed speed and sweep width and decreasing of laser power. As can be seen from the literature studies, the surface quality changes of different materials such as wood and wood based materials, MDF panels under different processing conditions ( i.e. , milling, drilling, sanding, laser modification) were investigated by different experimental design methods. The differences of this study from other studies are different processing parameters with CNC router. The efficiency and accuracy of machining in materials seem to be a very significant
İşleyen & Karamanoğlu (2019). “ Roughness of MDF ,” B io R esources 14(2), 3266-3277. 3267
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