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provided the smallest surface roughness value. The feed rate at 10000 mm/min provided the highest surface roughness value, while feed rates of 2500 mm/min, 5000 mm/min, and 7500 mm/min provided similar results. The 4 mm tool diameter provided a lower surface roughness value than the 6 mm tool diameter. Depending on other machining factors, the roughness increased as the friction area between the material and tool increased with the increasing tool diameter. Previous studies indicated that the surface roughness decreases with increasing spindle and decreasing feed rate (Davim et al . 2009; Sütçü 2013; Sütçü and Karagöz 2013; Sofuoglu 2015). The results of this study were consistent with the previous research. Vertical density profile is one of the most important features that characterize the surface roughness properties of MDF in milling. The vertical density value decreases from the surface layer towards the core layer of MDF (Gupta et al . 2006). Therefore, the increasing the axial depth of the cut increases the roughness because the density of MDF layer decreases. Surface roughness increases with increasing axial depth of cut in MDF milling (Aguilera et al . 2000; S ütçü and Karagöz 2012; Sofuoğlu 2017). Deus et al . (2015) reported that surface roughness of MDF exhibits lower values with 1 mm depth of cut, higher spindle speeds, and lower feed rates. In this study, the statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between axial depth cuts of 4 and 6 mm. Because the 4 and 6 mm depth of cut results in the same MDF profile density value, it had no effect on surface roughness (Fig. 1). CONCLUSIONS 1. Because depth of cut is same density zone in the MDF vertical density profile, the depth of cut is not an important factor affecting the surface roughness. 2. The increasing the tool diameter increases the cutting temperature, cutting force, and vibration intensity. In addition, tool wear occurs due to friction between the tool and the material. The value of surface roughness increased with the increase of tool diameter. The tool diameter of 6 mm achieved surface roughness higher than 4 mm tool diameter. 3. The value of surface roughness decreased with increasing spindle speed. Spindle speed at 24000 rpm were able to produce the best surface roughness in milling operation. 4. The value of surface roughness increased with the increase of feed rate. Feed rate at 10000 mm/min provided roughest surface from other feed rate levels (2500, 5000, 7500 rpm). REFERENCES CITED Aguilera, A., Meausoone, P. J., and Martin, P. (2000). “Wood material influence in routing operations: The MDF case ,” Holz als Roh – und Werkstoff 58, 278-283. DOI: 10.1007/s001070050425 Coelho, C.L., Carvalho, L. M. H., Martins, J. M., Costa, C. A. V., Daniel, M., and Méausoone, P. J. (2008). “Method for evaluating the influence of wood machining conditions on the objective characterization and subjective perception of a finished
İşleyen & Karamanoğlu (2019). “ Roughness of MDF ,” B io R esources 14(2), 3266-3277. 3274
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