4
M.A.W. Gaber / Egyptian Journal of Petroleum xxx (2017) xxx–xxx
Table 4 Physical properties of limestone filler pigment.
Ore Type
Physical Properties Sp. Sp. gravity g/cm 3
oil absorp. %
Moisture %
pH
Acid soluble
hardness water soluble
Limestone sample 1 Limestone sample 2 Limestone sample 3 Limestone sample 4
2.70 2.69 2.72 2.70
33 32 36 34
0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07
8.5
99.0 99.0 98.0 98.5
3.0 0.96 3.0 0.86 3.0 0.95 3.0 0.93
9 8 9
Table 5 Chemical compositions of limestone at some localities of El Minia.
Ore Type
Chemical composition CaO
Al2O3
Fe2O3
MgO
H20
L.O.I
Limestone sample 1 Limestone sample 2 Limestone sample 3 Limestone sample 4
55.61 55.70 55.56 55.67
0.11 0.14 0.10 0.11
0.12 0.16 0.07 0.13
0.07 0.11 0.13 0.11
0.20 0.11 0.10 0.10
43.80 43.70 43.75 43.80
(a) Grinding machine of limestone
(b) Final product of grind limestone
Fig. 4. (a) Grinding machine of limestone (b) Final product of grind limestone.
4.6. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH value)
The pH test carried out to collected sample as per [17] to mea- sure the value of alkaline or acidity of carbonate powder and the results shows that pH is 8.5%, it means the pH range is alkaline.
4.7. Matter soluble in water
The carbonate powder pigment shall be insoluble in water, except traces of soluble salt. The test result indicates that the amount of soluble matter is 0.4%, meanwhile the standard limit as per [18], shall be not exceed than 1% as shown in Table 4.
4.8. Moh’s hardness
The hardness of carbonate powder utilized in paper filler and coating is most important for the paper product and production equipment (wear on wire, doctor and slitter wearing), the lime- stone studied samples hardness is 3 as per Moh’s scale (1: talc to 10: diamond).
Fig. 5. Particle Size Distribution.
4.5. Particle shape
4.9. Appearance & Color of powder
Particle shape and size influence on the properties of carbonate powder pigment such as consistency, oil absorption, hiding power of paper coating and filler, the carbonate examined grain shape is rounded and sub round.
The color of ore powder is useful in identify the pigment into white or colored pigment, however the history of mineral forma- tion. The visual inspection of limestone sample is milky white to white due to high purity of calcium carbonate content.
Please cite this article in press as: M.A.W. Gaber, Characterizations of El Minia limestone for manufacturing paper filler and coating, Egypt. J. Petrol. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.007
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