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M.A.W. Gaber / Egyptian Journal of Petroleum xxx (2017) xxx–xxx
for calcium carbonate powder ranging from 2 to 12 m 2 /g- 1 as per [21].
brightness chalk is used as filler in the production of regular newsprint.
4.14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
4.15. Chemical analysis
The structure of fillers can be observed and characterized best by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle morphology has an influence on light scattering via the number and size of air microvoids in the sheet. For different morphologies, there is a different optimum for light scattering in terms of particle size. The particle morphology has an impact also on the packing of the filler particles in the flocculates usually formed during the papermaking process. The crystallite habit of natural ground CaCO3 filler is rhombo- hedral Fig. 7. For high brightness demand, GCC fillers based on limestone and marble are preferred by the paper industry. Lower
The XRF analysis of collected limestone revealed that the major element is CaO 55.70; accordingly the CaCO3 is 99.65% as indicated in Table 5. These results reflect that the studied ore possess high purity and suitability for industrial proposes and paper making.
4.16. X-Ray diffraction
Four samples were analyzed by XRD and the data of identified minerals of powder samples were plotted in the following diagrams:
Counts
Dr.M.Abdel-Wahab (13)
1000
500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))
F
Fig. 9. XRD of Samalout Limestone.
C o unts
Dr.M.Adbel-Wahab (1)
15 0 0
10 0 0
5 0 0
0
1 0
2 0
30
4 0
5 0
6 0
Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))
Fig. 10. X-ray diffraction of Beni Khalid carbonate.
Please cite this article in press as: M.A.W. Gaber, Characterizations of El Minia limestone for manufacturing paper filler and coating, Egypt. J. Petrol. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.007
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